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Drug administration
| Two main methods of drug administration | Topical and systemic administration | What kinds of drugs can be administered topically ? | Powders, ointments, fluids | ||||
| Advantages of topical drug administration | Easy to apply Drug effects visible Minimal toxicity Easy to remove in case of adverse effects | Disadvantages of topical drug administration | |||||
| What kinds of drugs can be administered systemically? | Pills, boluses, powders , suspensions, pills, tablets, fluids. | ||||||
| No effects on systemic infections Some topical preparations can be corrosive | Methods of administration of topical drugs | Spraying- knapsack sprayer, dipping, spray race for cattle, oxytetracycline for wounds Instilling- in the conjunctiva sac Swabbing -watery or oily preparations Irrigation- in the oral cavity | |||||
| Methods of systemic drug administration | Oral Parenteral | Methods of administering drugs orally | Pills, powder, bolus, pills, tablets, in feed, water, by drenching | ||||
| Pros of oral drug administration | - more animals medicated at once (via feed, water) - minimal toxicity - minimal injury (except if drenching) | Cons of oral administration | - drenches can cause aspiration pneumonia - drenches can cause injury - If animal struggles much medicine is lost - some drugs affected by gastric acids - antibiotics can affect gut flora - can’t be used for unconscious or vomiting animals | ||||
| Oral administration in sheep | Drenching. Use drenching gun(easier and faster), syringe or funnel. Head shouldn’t be held high to prevent aspiration to the lungs. | Oral administration in cattle | Oral administration in horses | Oral administration in dogs | |||
| Best to use a crush. Animal restrained by a halter and drenching bottle inserted just inside the lips. Head should be elevated slightly and time allowed for animal to swallow. | Drenching by gun or syringe is slightly difficult, messy and wasteful; best to use a stomach tube. Stomach tube should be lubricated, larynx position should be marked, at larynx tube is obstructed and animal should be made to swallow tube. | Friendly dogs are easily drenched. Savage dogs need muzzling and drenched from a corner of the mouth. Pills can be given through meat cubes. | |||||
| Methods of parenteral drug administration | -intravenous - intramuscular - subcutaneous | Conditions for parenteral drug administration | - sterile preparations - adjustment to body pH and tonicity | Advantages of parenteral administration | Rapid reliable response and accurate dosage Good alternative to oral administration when drug concentration is inadequate Can be used in vomiting and unconscious animals Easy administration using automatic syringes | Disadvantages of parenteral administration | - tissue injury - danger of infection - not suitable for all drugs - higher risk of toxicity -more expensive (needles and syringes) |
Created by:
Mamandi
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