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ICVP - Patient Prep

Preparation of the patient

QuestionAnswer
What Do We Need To Consider Before Prepping A Patient For An Operation? -If the surgery is routine, elective, or an emergency. -If the animal has any pre-existing medical conditions. -Patient status (age, weight, etc). -Recording patient vital signs before surgery.
In What Species Should We Not Restrict Food Prior To Surgery? Rabbits, guinea pigs and other hind gut fermenters requiring hay ad-lib.
Why Should Food And Water Be Restricted Prior To Surgery? -To prevent nausea. -To prevent food and liquid entering the lungs. -So to not get in the way of the veterinary surgeon most likely working in the abdominal cavity.
Why Should Patients Be Allowed To Go To The Toilet Before Surgery? To clear out the digestive system and make sure that faeces/urine does not get in the way of the veterinary surgeon or enter the sterile environment.
In What Ways Can We Manage/Evacuate The Bladder/Colon Prior To Surgery? -Allowing the patient to go to the toilet themselves prior to surgery. -Rectal enema (often required prior to surgery of the rectum, colon or anus). -Purse string suture. -Manual bladder expression. -Urinary catheterisation.
When May Bathing Be Required Before Surgery and What Are Some Considerations For This? -May be required for some high risk patients undergoing evasive surgery. -Patients should be fully dry before surgery, to prevent hypothermia.
Why Is Hair Removal Important Prior To Surgery? Prevents hair entering the sterile opening.
What Are Some Considerations For Patient Hair Removal? -Hair should be removed in the patient preparation room, not the operating theatre. -Electric razors most common way to remove hair, sometimes hair removal cream can be used. -Razors should not be used as they cause micro-abrasions to the skin.
What Is the Best Technique For Patient Hair Removal? -Clip in line with the lie of fur. -Then go against the lie of fur. -Change blade if gets too hot. -Clip margins should be 15-20cm from the incision in all directions. -Keep neat and symmetrical.
What Are Some Advantages and Disadvantages To Clipping A Patients Hair Prior To Anaesthetic Induction? -Reduces the total anaesthetic time (ideal for high risk patients). -May not be able to achieve a neat clip, potential for skin damage.
What Are Some Additional Considerations For Clipping The Hair Of A Wound And Around The Eyes? Open Wound = Use saline soaked gauze, and sterile water soluble gel. Eyes = Use ocular lubrication and close eye.
What Are The Ideal Properties Of An Antiseptic? -Fast-acting. -Broad-spectrum. -Non-irritating. -Effective in the presence of organic matter. -Good residual effect. -Inexpensive.
Define Antiseptic An agent that is safe to use on living tissue to reduce the number of microbes.
Define Antisepsis? The removal of pathogenic organisms from the skin or mucous membranes and the prevention of sepsis through the use of an antiseptic.
What Are Two Antiseptic Products Used In Patient Preparation and What Are Their Properties? Chlorohexidine gluconate = Broad spectrum, residual activity of 6 hours, effective in presence of organic matter. Povidone iodine = Broad spectrum, minimum residual activity, inactivated by organic matter, used for ocular and oral preparation.
What Are The Steps In Surgical Site Preparation? -Wear PPE. -Hair removal (clippers, with lie of hair then against). -Scrub site using antiseptic (linear or circular method, cotton or gauze swab). -Repeat until swab is clean. -Spray site with alcohol. -Transfer into theatre for final scrub.
What Does SSI Stand For? Surgical site infection.
What Is An Exogenous Microorganism? Transient microorganism present on the patients skin that was previously present in the air, environment, on equipment, peoples hands etc.
What Is An Endogenous Microorganism? Resident microorganism present on the patients skin that make up part of the skins natural fauna.
What Is The Dilution Rate For Hibiscrub? 50:50
List Some Examples Of Non-Surgical Procedures? -Blood sampling. -Fluid therapy (including IVFT). -Clinical examination. -Enema. -Urinary catheterisation. -Diagnostic imaging. -Chemotherapy. -Medicine administration. -Rehabilitative procedures.
What Are Some Considerations For Prepping The Clinical Environment For A Non-Surgical Procedure? -Ensure all equipment and materials are ready. -Ensure room being used is clean.
What Are Some Considerations To Think Of Before Handling A Patient? -Ensure room is secure. -Ensure you have a away to safely transport the patient. -Ensure you have restraint equipment ready if necessary (muzzle, towel, assistant). -Is sedation needed?
What Equipment Is Often Required As Part Of A Clinical Examination? -Stethoscope. -Thermometer. -Lubrication. -Oto-ophthalmoscope.
Why Do We Take Blood Samples? -Diagnostic purposes. -Monitoring ongoing treatments. -Pre-anaesthetic bloodwork.
What Are The Common Blood Sampling Sites In A Dog? -Jugular vein. -Cephalic vein. -Lateral saphenous vein. -Medial saphenous vein.
What Are The Common Blood Sampling Sites In A Rabbit? -Jugular vein. -Cephalic vein. -Marginal ear vein.
What Equipment Is Needed For Taking A Blood Sample? -Clippers -Needle and syringe. -Cotton wool and spirit. -Skin antiseptic. -Blood tubes. -PPE -Tourniquet. -Wound dressing.
What Blood Tube Is A Red/Pink Colour? Haematology.
What Blood Tube Is An Orange Colour? Biochemistry - Lithium heparin.
What Blood Tube Is A Yellow Colour? Glucose estimation - Fluoride oxalate.
What Blood Tube Is A Green Colour? Coagulation test - Sodium citrate.
What Blood Tube Is A White/Plain Colour? Serum tests.
What Blood Tube Is A Brown Colour? Courier or serum separation.
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