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Packet #2-final
Reproductive/urinary system Dr. C
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is common in puppies and consists of vulvar discharge. | Vaginitis |
| Vaginitis in adults can be caused by? | Anatomic abnormalities, bacterial infections, trauma, and chemical reaction. |
| What virus can cause vaginitis? | Herpesvirus |
| What is pseudocyesis? | AKA False pregnancy or psudopregnancy. Development of all the signs of pregnancy without the presence of an embryo. |
| When do sighns develope and how long do they last? | 6-12 weeks after estrus and last 1-3 weeks |
| This is the quiescent period of a normal estrus cycle. | Anestrus |
| In this phase estrogen rises with serosanguinous vaginal discharge. | Proestrus |
| In this phase FSH is off, LH rises and falls and females are receptive to males. | Estrus |
| In this phase animal gets pregnant and prolactin rises. | Diestrus |
| What can cause prolactin release in a non-pregnant bitch? | Falling levels of progesterone |
| What causes pyometra? | Increased progesterone levels after ovulation |
| What is the most common bacteria found in pyometra? | E. Coli |
| What is Azothemia? | Increased BUN and Cr |
| What is a leukomoid response? | Leukocytes above 50,000 without leukemia. |
| What will a vaginal cytology show with pyometra? | Degenerative neutrophils, endometrial cells and bacteria. |
| What is the best treatment for pyometra? | OHE |
| What tissue needs to be completely removed to resolve pyometra? | Ovarian |
| What is the normal gestation period? | 62-65 days |
| When can you a. palpate fetus in dogs/catsb. see fetus on x-rayc. see fetus with ultrasound | a. 21-36 days in dogs, 21-28 days in cats. b. 45 days c. 20 days heart beat only. |
| what organisms can cause fetal death or abortion? | Brucella canis; canine herpesvirus; Feline infectious peritonitis; Felv; FPV (Feline panleukopenia virus). |
| What is a fetal factor of dystocia? | Large fetus; anasarca (extensive SQ edema); hydrocephalus; abnormal positioning (transverse) |
| What is a maternal factor of dystocia? | Narrowed birth canal (developmental or trauma-related); uterine inertia (lack of contractions). |
| How long before you can diagnose dystocia? | 4 hours without delivery |
| What medical tx can you use to help with dystocia? | Oxytocin |
| If medical tx fails, what is next? | Cesarean section |
| What happens to temperature during paturition? | Declines below 100◦F 24 hours before labor begins. |
| What are mothers responsable for? | Keeping neonates warm, groomed and protected |
| What are some innappropriate maternal behaviors? | Increased protective behavior or fear induced behavior and some cannibalize the litters. |
| This is the most common lactation dosorder? | Mastitis |
| What is it called when there is a lack of milk production? | Agalactia |
| What is galactostasis? | Painful engorgement of mammary glands |
| What can cause agalactia? | Stress; malnutrition; premature parturition and infection. |
| What doses the prostate do for sperm? | Produces a fluid used as transport and support medium for sperm. |
| What are some diseases of the prostrate? | BPH ( benign prostatic hyperplasia); cysts; prostatitis; abscesses; neoplasia |
| What are some signs of prostatic disorders? | Tenesmus; prostate palpates symmetrically ( enlarged and nonpainful); disuria |
| How do you treat prostatic disorders? | Castration; results in 70% decrease in size within 7-14 days; low dose estrogen tx (diethylstilbestrol);Finasteride |
| What is Finasteride? | anti-androgen drug, prevents conversion of testosterone to dihydrostestestosterone |
| What is the downside to treating prostatic disorders with drugs? | Only results in temporary improvement; condition will recur once drug tx is discontinued. |
| What is the prostrate predisposed to? | Bacterial infection through the urinary system (E. coli most common, but other pathogens possible |
| What are the signs of chronic prostatitis? | Anorexia, fever, lethargy, stiff gait, caudal (abdominal pain), possible vomiting, urethral discharge, hematuria. Chronic prostatitis may be asymptomatic. Can be associated with abscessation |
| What would a U/A show with prostatitis? | Blood, increased WBC and bacteria |
| This is a tumor of leyding cells. | Interstitial cell tumor |
| This is a stem cell for sperm. | Spermatogonia |
| What dogs are at greater risk foe testicular tumors? | Cryptorchid dogs and dogs with inguinal hernias are at greatest risk |
| Retained testicles in this region is more risky than abdomen. | Inguinal canal |
| One third of dogs with sertoli tumors exhibit this sign. | feminization; bilateral nonprurtic alopecia; mammary development; myelosuppression and hyperestrogenism |
| When should you perform a blood transfusion? | if animal is myelosuppressed |
| What does myelosuppressed mean? | causing nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia |
| Name an other male neoplasia? | prostatic; penile; preputial and scrotal |
| Many vaginal and vulval tumors are ______ with good prognosis. | benign |
| This is the third most common tumor in cats and most common in female dogs. | Mammary neoplasia |
| What is a lumpectomy and what is its indication? | removing the nodule or lump is indicated for small (<0.5cm), firm, superficial nonfixed nodules (usually benign) |
| What is a mammectomy and what is its indication? | removal of one gland for lesions centrally located within the gland, >1.0 cm, and fixed to skin or fascia; skin or fasia; skin or abdomonal wall fascia should br removed |
| What is a regional mastectomy? | removing more than one gland in the mammary chain (depending upon which glands are affected with lumps) |
| What is a ulilateral or bilateral mastectomy? | removing entire mammary chain (one side or both) as a unit if multiple tumors or large tumors involving multiple glands |
| What is the indication for lymph nodes to be removed. | if certain glands are involved, lymph nodes that drain these glands should also be removed |
| How do you distinguish between benign or malignant? | histopathology |
| FLUTD causes inflammation of lower urinary tract T or F? | True |
| What are some signs of FLUTD? | hematuria (frank blood or pink blood); dysuria; stranguria; inappropriate urination; pollakiuria; frequent urination |
| How do you diagnose FLUTD? | Urinalysis; urine culture' survey radiographs may be normal; radiographic contract studies may indicate irregular mucosal lining and thickened bladder wall |
| What is the drug of choice for FLUTD? | Amitriptyline |
| This is the functional unit of the kidney? | nephron |
| What is the difference between ARF and CFR? | ARF decrease in GFR can be due to nephrotoxic drugs. CFR is irreversible and progressive decline in renal function caused by destruction of nephron. |
| What can cause ARF? | Nephrotoxic drugs most commmon ethylene glycol |
| What are some common signs of renal failurs? | polyuria/polydypsia; dullness; lethargy; weakness; anorexia; weight loss; vomiting/diarrhea; gait disturbances (cervical ventroflexion in cats); ocular/retinal problems; sudden blindness and hypertension |
| Discribe how the blood work will be affected with renal failure. | increassed BUN and Creatinine |
| What is the main treatment for renal failure? | supportive care and correction of imbalances |
Created by:
Brangusc
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