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ANS Exam 3
MSU Animal Sciences Exam Review Spring 2023
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is milk quality? | The quality of milk (pasteurization, somatic cell counts, etc.) |
| Why is milk quality important? | Milk quality ensures safety to the consumer and affects the manufacturing and shelf life of the finished product. |
| What is the goal bulk tank somatic cell count for milk quality? | Less than 200,000 |
| What is the goal for cow somatic cell count of milk quality? | Less than 100,000 |
| What is the goal for standard plate count of milk quality? | Less than 5,000 |
| What is the goal preliminary incubation count for milk quality? | Less than 10.000 |
| What is the goal laboratory pasteurization count for milk quality? | Less than 100 |
| What is the goal coliform count for milk quality? | Less than 50 |
| What is the bulk tank somatic cell count limit in the US for milk quality? | No greater than 750,000 |
| What is the preliminary incubation count? | An estimate of the number of psychotropic, or cold-living, bacteria in milk. |
| What is the NMC 5-point plan? | Treat an record clinical cases, post-milk teat disinfection, dry cow therapy, cull chronic cases, and milking machine maintenance. |
| What is clinical mastitis? | An abnormal milk and can be associated with swelling and redness as well as more severe signs. |
| What is subclinical mastitis? | An elevated somatic cell count, reduced milk production, but no visible changes to the milk. |
| Are there antibiotics in the milk you purchase at the store? | Never. |
| What is done before milking to help prevent mastitis? | Machine maintenance and cleaning of udders. |
| What is done after milking to help prevent mastitis? | Post milk teat disinfection, dry cow therapy (sometimes the teats are sealed while the cow isn't lactating). |
| What therapy do cows receive when on their dry period? | Intramammary antibiotic after lactation, treat any infections for 60 days off lactation, sometimes combined with a sealant. |
| How can farmers prevent mastitis in their herds and why would this be beneficial for them to do so? | They can follow mastitis control plans to improve the quality of their milk, milk of the highest quality has higher prices, and following the NMC 5-point plan can help farmers reduce mastitis. |
| What is a ram? | An intact male sheep. |
| What is a wether? | A castrated male sheep and goat. |
| What is an ewe? | A mature female sheep |
| What is a lamb? | An animal that hasn't cut its 1st pair of permanent incisors. |
| What is a yearling (sheep)? | Also called young mutton, an animal that has its 1st pair of incisors but not its 2nd. |
| What is a sheep? | Also called mutton, the animal has its 2nd pair of permanent incisors. |
| Why are sheep and goats more efficient for meat production than cattle? | Sheep and goats have more than one offspring most of the time and that means those mothers will yield more than their body weight in meat (goats can have 1-6 kids!). |
| What countries lead the world in sheep production? | China, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, and Algeria. |
| What are the largest sheep producing states in the US and what do they produce? | Texas, California, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. They produce lamb and mutton. |
| What are maternal sheep bred for? | Wool production, reproductive efficiency, and milk ability. |
| What are terminal sheep bred for? | Growth and carcass characteristics. |
| What is the role of the State Veterinarian? | To protect, regulate, and promote animal health and to be prepared to combat disease (it’s a matter when). |
| What are 3 reportable diseases that are the concern of MSU's veterinarian? | Bovine Tuberculosis, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). |
| What did the modern-day chicken evolve from? | Red jungle fowl. |
| What are the characteristics of a rooster? | Large and bright comb and wattles, pointed long narrow hackle feathers, long curved sickle tail feathers with pointed ends, legs spurs and thicker legs, pointed narrow long feathers on the saddle. |
| What are the characteristics of a hen? | Smaller and paler comb and wattles, rounded hackle with short feathers, wide rounded tail feather without an arch, short feather with rounded tips on the saddle, often no spurs on legs. |
| What is a chick? | A male or female baby chicken. |
| What is a rooster? | An intact mature male chicken. |
| What is a hen? | A mature female chicken. |
| What is a capon? | A castrated male chicken. |
| What is a pullet? | A young female chicken. |
| What is a cockerel? | A young male chicken. |
| How are turkeys bred? | Through AI. |
| What are the top 5 egg producing states? | Iowa, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Texas. |
| How often do hens lay eggs? | Almost 1 daily to every few days. |
| How many eggs a year do hens lay? | About 300 |
| What is the vertical integration system and why is it used? | A synchronization of the successive stages of a production and marketing system, it allows greater control over aspects of food safety. |
| How are broilers raised? | They raised in either indoor cage free environments or cage environments and they pretty much just eat all day. |
| How long old are broilers before they're ready for harvest? | They reach market weight at 7 weeks of age. |
| What are the top 5 states of turkey production? | Minnesota, North Carolina, Arkansas, Indiana, and Missouri. |
| How are harvested female turkeys sold? | As whole birds. |
| How are harvested male turkeys sold? | As cuts of meat. |
| What is a duckling? | A baby duck of either gender. |
| What is a drake? | A mature male duck. |
| What is a hen (ducks)? | A mature female duck. |
| What is a chick/cheeper? | A baby quail of either gender. |
| What is a hen (quail)? | A mature female quail. |
| What is a cock (quail)? | A mature male quail. |
| What are ducks used for? | Ducks- meat and eggs. |
| What are quail used for? | Quail- meat and eggs. |
| What is ethology? | The study of animal behavior without human interference. |
| What is applied ethology? | The study of domestic animals, wildlife, or exotics that are kept in captivity. |
| what is an ethogram? | A complete description of behaviors shown by a species of animal. |
| What is a time budget in regards to animals? | How the animal divides up its day into component behaviors (resting, eating, locomotion, etc.). |
| What is animal welfare? | The state of well-being brought on by meeting physical, environmental, nutritional, behavioral, and social needs of the animal or groups under the care, supervision, or influence of people. |
| What is humane treatment? | The social factors such as public expectations, laws or rules, and ethical and moral aspects of animal use and treatment. |
| Why is the study of animal behavior important? | Behavior helps negotiate and adapt to the environment and communicate with each other and an animal's behavior adapts and responds to its psychological state. |
| What is special about predator vision? | Predators have eyes in the front of their heads, meaning they have binocular vision, for prey detection and capture and have form and depth perception. |
| What is special about prey vision? | Prey have eyes on the sides of their head, meaning they have monocular vision, for predator detection, motion detection, and escape. |
| How can the knowledge of animal perception improve animal care and handling? | By knowing how animals perceive surroundings, we can help minimize fear and distress while caring for the animals, we also know where their blind spots are and how to approach them. |
| What are the current concerns of animal welfare? | Concerns: production management, pain/distress, general health, physical condition, behavioral deprivation, handling/transport, euthanasia/slaughter methods, genetic engineering. |
| What professionals are involved in studying those concerns via behavioral assessments? | Professionals: vets, production scientists, biologists, applied ethologists, applied ethicists, economists, and production/management specialists. |
| What is a buck (goat)? | A male dairy goat. |
| What is a doe (goat)? | A female dairy goat. |
| what is a wether (goat)? | A castrated male goat. |
| What is a billy? | A male meat goat. |
| What is a nanny? | A female meat goat. |
| What are kids? | Baby goats. |
| What are the advantages of goats in farming systems? | They're resilient, help satisfy and unmet demand for lamb, have 40% less saturated fat than a skinless chicken, goat grazing is beneficial to the environment and compliments cattle/horse grazing. |
| What are the meat breeds of goats? | Boer, Kiko, and Spanish. |
| What are the dairy breeds of goats? | Alpine, Oberhasli, Saanen, Sable Saanen, Toggenberg, Lamancha, Nubian, and Nigerian Dwarf. |
| What are the diseases of concern in goats? | Johne's, Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis (CAE), Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL), and overeating. |
| What is a gilt? | A female pig that hasn't had babies but is sexually mature. |
| What is a sow? | A mature female pig, has had at least one litter. |
| What is a boar? | An intact male pig. |
| What is a barrow? | A castrated male pig, no boar taint, faster growing than gilts, not as lean. |
| What are piglets? | Newborn pigs to the age of weaning. |
| What is the age of weaned pigs? | 18-28 days. |
| What is the age of nursery pigs? | 45 days. |
| What is the weight feeder pigs are sold at? | 40lbs |
| When is a grow/finish hog moved from the nursery? | At 50lbs |
| What is the weight and age of a market hog? | 290lbs and 160 days old. |
| What are the top 5 hog producing states? | Iowa, Minnesota, North Carolina, Illinois, and Indiana. |
| What are the top 5 hog producing countries? | China, European Union, US, Brazil, and Russia. |
| What is the mature size of sows? | 600lbs |
| What is the mature size of boars? | 650lbs |
| What is the gestation length of a pig? | 114 days |
| How often is estrus in pigs? | Every 21 days. |
| What is the window a sow can be bred in estrus? | 48 hours |
| What is the window a gilt can be bred in estrus? | 18-24 hours |
| What is the feed to gain ratio of pigs? | 1:3 |
| What is the average profit margin per head for pigs? | |
| How can you get experience for vet school? | Get experience by joining clubs, pet sitting/dog training, ask farm friends to help with their chores or be around during birthing, summer jobs (vet clinics, farms, animal shelters, camps, kennels). |
| How do you apply to multiple vet schools at once? | Apply to multiple vet schools at once and check requirements for each vet school you apply to. VMACS will help! |
| What do the first 2 years of vet school look like? | Years 1-2: anatomy labs, histology, basics of physicals, bugs and drugs, bloodwork and x-rays. |
| What do the last 2 years of vet school look like? | Years 3-4: hands-on training, clinical rotations, externships (2-3 weeks at a different school or vet practice (you decide)). |
| What are the types of veterinarians? | Small, mixed, large, zoo/exotic, aquaculture, specialty, and private practice. |
| What are the different career paths you can take after vet school? | PhD, teaching, corporate, food supply medicine, Air Force/Army vet, or federal/state vet. |
| What is the basic path out of vet school? | Vet school → private practice (mentored) |
| What is the path a specialist would take out of vet school? | Vet school → internship (1yr) → residency (2-3 yr) → take boards → teach and do large specialty practice |
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