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2060 exam 2
illnesses and diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| equine parasites: small strongyles | · horse ingests L3 larvae from environment -> large intestinal mucosa: L3 grows to L4 then adult which lays eggs -> eggs pass in feces then develop in environment · large damage risk if large numbers of encysted L4 emerge from mucosa at same time |
| equine parasites: large strongyles (redworms) | · larvae picked up and swallowed -> migrate thru blood vessels of intestine, liver -> inflammation/obstruction of these vessels · signs: diarrhea, weight loss, unthrift |
| equine: tetanus (lockjaw) | · horses particularly susceptible - environment, injuries · picked up from unclean environments and thrives in areas with low O2 supply (deep wounds) · signs: neurological (ensure lack of rabies) · often fatal, prevent with vaccination |
| equine encephalomyelitis (sleeping sickness) | · virus carried thru mosquitos, maybe flies · signs: neurological - ataxia, weakness, progressive paralysis · prevent with vaccine |
| equine influenza | · virus spread thru aerosol droplets · signs: cough, sudden fever, watery nasal discharge, appetite loss, depression · prevent with vaccine · rarely fatal, may lead to emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia |
| equine herpesvirus (rhinopneumonitis, viral abortion) | · EHV-1: causes respiratory disease, repro and neuro problems, always a carrier and virus can re-activate under stress · EHV-4: limited to respiratory, generally only problematic in younger horses · vaccinate!!! |
| equine: west nile virus | · not zoonotic from horse (but yes from mosquito - easy transmission) · signs: neurologic (weakness/ataxia), fever, eventual coma and death · vaccinate and reduce exposure to mosquitos |
| equine: rabies | · spread thru direct contact with infected saliva/tissue (bite) - ZOONOTIC · viral infection of central nervous system |
| equine infectious anemia (EIA, swamp fever, coggins) | · infected animals are always a carrier - USDA requires lifelong quarantine or euthanasia · reportable disease but no vaccine, no treatment · spread thru blood-feeding insects, prevent thru testing and quarantine |
| equine: endocrine disorders | · geriatrics very prone · Cushing's: over-production of cortisol by pituitary gland, pot-bellied with dull coat/skin and heaves · Metabolic syndrome: obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia, best managed thru diet and mgmt changes |
| equine: COPD (heaves) | · wide scale of severity · inflammation often due to allergic response to dust and molds · signs: coughing and wheezing, exercise intolerance, nasal discharge and flaring, "heave line" |
| equine: hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HKPP) | · hereditary muscle disease (sodium/potassium channels) · potassium blood levels get very high -> twitching, ranging from mild to collapse to death · responsible breeding - genetic testing required for AQHA and Appaloosa registration |
| canine normal vital signs | · respiratory: 10-30 bpm · heart: 60-160 (small-large breed) · temp: 101.5-102.5*F |
| feline normal vital signs | · respiratory: 30-60 bpm · heart: 150-250 bpm · temp: 101.5-102.5*F |
| killed vaccine characteristics | · made of whole inactivated viruses which are unable to replicate within body or cause disease · adjuvant: enhances immune response to antigen |
| modified live vaccine (MLV) characteristics | · made of weakened pathogen which is able to replicate within host but cannot cause disease · stimulates strong, active immunity response |
| most pups and kittens are protected by maternally derived antibodies until... | 8 to 12 weeks of age |
| companion: abcesses | · bacterial growth stuck/sealed within deep/closed wound · area generally warm, balding, red, painful · treatment: drain and medicate (topical or systemic) |
| companion: bordetellosis (kennel cough) | · bordetella bronchiseptica - infectious tracheobronchitis · highly contagious in cats and dogs, especially kennels, boarding facilities, cat/dog shows |
| companion: borreliosis (Lyme disease) | · transmitted by Ixodes tick - humans get rash, rare in dogs · signs: joint pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes |
| companion: cat scratch disease | · infection by bacteria Bartonella, also infects people, fleas involved · domestic cats are major reservoir · signs: fever, chills, lethargy, swollen lymph nodes, lesions, GI distress |
| companion: leptospirosis | · transmitted thru urine of infected animals - ZOONOTIC, also infects dogs, cats, cattle, pigs, rodents · affacts kidney, liver, brain, lung. heart - vaccinate! |
| companion: pyoderma | · Staphylococcus pseudintermedius - not contagious or zoonotic · mild (superficial) to severe (deep) localized "hot spots" · treated with antibiotic course |
| companion: mycoplasma infections | · Mycoplasma hemofelis - infects RBCs and causes feline infectious anemia (mild to severe) · treat with tetracyclines, transfusions |
| companion: rickettsial infections (1) | · bacteria found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, mammals · Ehrlichiosis: transmitted by Rhipicephalus ticks, not zoonotic from animals but infected animal raises risk for human contact with infected fleas |
| Companion: rickettsial infections (2) | · Rickettsia rickettsii: transmitted by Dermacentor ticks, fever, bruising/bleeding, lymphedema |
| some ZOONOTIC bacterial infections | · leptospirosis, Group A streptococcus is a reverse zoonosis. bartonella, brucella |
| companion: dermatophytosis (ringworm) | · not a worm - fungus that lives in hair, skin, nails, claws, environment · Microsporum canus/gypseum and Thrichophyton species · ZOONOTIC, but humans usually get infection from environment |
| companion: malassezia (yeast dermatitis) | · normal flora in ear canal, interdigital area, anal sacs, vagina, and rectum of healthy animals · usually has predisposing cause - diagnose under microscope · signs: itching, hair loss, recurrent ear/skin infection |
| companion: blastomycosis | · soil fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, found in Mississippi River valley and mid-Atlantic states · spores inhaled -> coughing, pneumonia, weight loss, draining skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes |
| companion: histoplasmosis | · Histoplasma capsulatum found in contaminated soil with bird/bat droppings · signs: coughing, pneumonia, fever, diarrhea, weight loss |
| companion: dermatophytes | · Sporothrix infection - found worldwide in soils with organic matter · transmitted thru puncture injury, roaming intact male cats, · emerging ZOONOTIC disease (cats to humans) |
Created by:
junoregan
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