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Equine Ectoparasites
Equine external parasites - scientific names, key points
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Horse/deer fly | Tabanus spp. vicious biters, only females bite, strong fliers, daytime feeders dmg = anticoagulant into wound → blood to ooze up to 8 hr (2nd invasion) EIA Life cycle varies 70 d - 2 yr Do not enter dark buildings |
| Stable fly/house biting fly | Stomoxys calcitrans Both sexes vicious biters, daytime Adults can fly up to 90 mi from site Only visit animal to feed, 80% time off animal Requires several blood meals before eggs can be laid (3 min) Prefers legs, fly near ground from wind HABRONEMA |
| No-see-ums | Biting midges Only females feed on blood Phlebotomus flies Dmg = allergic dermatitis w/possible lesion formation. blue tongue virus or african horse sickness |
| Horn fly | Haematobia irritans attack horse pastured near cattle only develop in cow manure mating takes place on host Ivomec kills larvae in manure |
| House fly | Musca domestica do not bite/feed off blood found inside stables, breed in manure Dmg = mechanical vectors, annoyance, HABRONEMA, PINK EYE, BOVINE MASTITIS Manure removed more often in summer |
| Blow fly/screw worms | Cochliomyia hominivorax Larvae develop feeding on dead/living tissue sterilized male flies |
| Biting louse | Bovicola equi |
| Sucking louse | Haenatppinus asini only live 2-3 d off of host |
| Tail and Hock mange | Chorioptes equi patchy areas of rough skin, scabby at edges feet and lower hind legs. Live on host entire life, feed of skin, do not burrow. high temps kill mites |
| Scale and wet mange | Psoroptes equi Rare. suck lymph fluid, found on edge of ooze, can survive off hose 2-3 wk, prefer thick hair during winter horses will scratch Tmt = organophosphate |
| Dry mange or itch mange | Sarcoptes scabiei ZOONOTIC burrow female dies after mating, males die after mating secrete irritating toxin rub and scratch |
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