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Animal Health Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 goals of reproductive health? | 1. fertilization 2. implantation and maintenance of pregnancy 3. successful parturition |
| BSE requirments? | Physical exam, examination of repro organs, semen evaluation (motility and morphology), disease surveillance |
| Ram BSE requirments | Motility: >30% Morphology: >50% Scrotal Circumference: 28 cm |
| Buck BSE requirments | Motility: >70% Morphology: >80% |
| Bull BSE requirements | Motility: >30% Morphology: >70% Scrotal Circumference: 32 cm |
| Importance of heat detecting in AI breeding systems? | Ability to get semen into female at the right time for success pregnancy |
| Bovine Trichomoniasis etiologic agent | Etiologic Agent: Tritrichomonas foetus (protozoan) |
| Bovine Trichomoniasis transmission | Transmission: venereal transmission |
| Bovine Trichomoniasis clinical signs | Clinical Signs: irregular cycles, early embryonic death, early abortions, too many short bred or open cows at preg chew |
| Bovine Trichomoniasis treatment | Treatment: none |
| Bovine Trichomoniasis prevention | Prevention: yearly testing of bulls |
| Bovine Trichomoniasis zoonotic concerns | Zoonotic Concerns: no |
| Toxic plants that cause abortions | ponderosa pine, snakeweed, and locoweeds |
| Toxic plants that cause malformed fetus | skunk cabbage, jimson weed, lupine, tow-grooved vetch, locoweeds |
| Brucellosis etiologic agent | Etiological agent: brucella abortus |
| Brucellosis transmisson | Transmission: by contact and ingestion of agent, ingestion of unpasteurized milk products |
| Brucellosis clinical signs | Clinic signs: abortion (late term), testicular infection, placentitis |
| Brucellosis treatment | Treatment: no effective treatment lifelong infection |
| Brucellosis prevention | Prevention: RB51 vaccination (bangs vaccine), designated surveillance area, slaughter house serology testing, and milk screenings |
| Brucellosis zoonotic concerns | Zoonotic concerns: can cause undulant fever to humans from unpasteurized products or assisting parturition Undulant fever: flu like illness, recurrent fevers, GI symptoms, insomnia, emotional instability |
| Neosporosis etiological agent | Etiologic Agent: neospora caninum (protozoan) |
| Neosporosis transmission | Transmission: ingestion of infected fecal material, in utero transmission to calves |
| Neosporosis clinical signs | Clinical signs: later term abortions |
| Neosporosis treatment | Treatment: no approved treatment |
| Neosporosis prevention | Prevention: test and cull positive calves, avoid environmental contamination with dog feces, prevent dogs from eating placentas/aborted fetuses, poor vaccine protection |
| Neosporosis zoonotic concerns | zoonotic concerns: no |
| Campylobacteriosis etiologic agent | Etiologic agent: campylobacter fetus subsp. venerialis |
| Campylobacteriosis transmission | Transmission: venereal |
| Campylobacteriosis clinical signs | Clinical signs: repro failure, early embryonic death |
| Campylobacteriosis diagnosis requirments | Diagnosis requirements: culture of fetal and placental tissue |
| Campylobacteriosis treatment | Treatment: using AI system, vaccinating cow and bull, no good treatment options |
| Campylobacteriosis prevention | Prevention: vaccinations |
| Campylobacteriosis zoonotic concerns | Zoonotic concerns: no |
| Leptospirosis etiologic agent | Etiologic agent: Spirochete bacteria |
| Leptospirosis transmission | Transmission: exposure to contaminated urine, milk, or placental fluids, wet environment needed to survive, indirect transmission, can invade macerated skin and mucous membranes |
| Leptospirosis clinical signs | Clinical signs: subclinical, kidney infections and failure, late term abortions, still born calves, and weak calves |
| Leptospirosis treatment | Treatment: antibiotics |
| Leptospirosis prevention | Prevention: vaccination |
| Leptospirosis zoonotic concerns | Zoonotic concerns: yes |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) etiologic agent | Etiologic agent: bovine herpes virus-1 |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) transmission | Transmission: aerosolized pathogen and venereal |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) clinical signs | Clinical signs: respiratory disease, infertility, and late term absorption |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) diagnosis requirements | Diagnosis: PCR of aborted fetus of fluids |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) treatment | Treatment: antibiotics |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) prevention | Prevention: vaccination 4-6 weeks prior to breeding |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) zoonotic concerns | Zoonotic concerns: no |
| Brucellosis in Sheep etiological agent | etiological agent: B. melintensis and B. ovis |
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 (rhinopneumonitis) etiological agent | Etiological agent: |
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 (rhinopneumonitis transmission | Transmission: aerosol, contact with other horses nasal secretion, repro discharge, placenta, or aborted fetus |
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 (rhinopneumonitis clinical signs | Clinical signs: sudden abortion no prior clinic signs |
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 (rhinopneumonitis) treatment | Treatment: no treatment |
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 (rhinopneumonitis) prevention | Prevention: killed vaccine at 3, 5, 7, and 9 months, prevent contact, vaccinate all horses to decrease shedding |
| Equine Herpes Virus-1 (rhinopneumonitis zoonotic concern | Zoonotic concerns: no |
| Lepto Hardjo-bovis | host adapted to cow (little to no response) EED and infertility Most common lepto in cattle Testing: serology and urine fluorescing antibody Treatment: long acting oxytetracycline Prevention: vaccination specialized for hardjo bovis |
| Neospora transmission cycle intermediate host | cattle |
| Neospora transmission cycle definitive host | canine |
| Neospora transmission cycle outcomes | 1. Congenital infection of calf subclinical 2. Abortion of fetus 3. Birth of normal uninfected calf |
| Guidelines to prevent injuries at parturition | Clean perianal area Wear protecting sleeves Assess position Do NOT put too much traction on fetus In not making progress call vet |
| Stage 1 of labor | Stage 1: restlessness, uncomfortable, seek solitude, uterine contractions |
| Stage 2 of labor | Stage 2: active labor abdominal pushing, expulsion of fetus, stimulus is pressure within vaginal canal |
| Stage 3 of labor | Stage 3: expulsion of placenta |
| Vaginal/cervical prolapse | Prior to parturition Cattle and sheep affected Grade I-IV Treatment replacement and retention with buhner suture, suture must be removed prior to parturition |
| risk factors associated with retained fetal membranes | Twining, abortions, dystocia, induced calving, metabolic disorder |
| 1-2-3 rule of thumb for equine parturition, foal, fetal membranes |
Created by:
jojo_christofferson
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