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ANS 110 Exam 2
MSU Animal Sciences Exam Review Spring 2023
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four main categories of animals classified as Equine? | Horses, mules/donkeys, ponies, miniature horses |
| What is the general definition of a pony? | Equine under 56-58" |
| What's the number of head of swine in the US? | 121 million |
| What's the number of head of beef in the US? | 25 million |
| What's the number of head of dairy in the US? | 9 million |
| What's the number of head of horses in the US? | 7 million |
| What's the number of head of sheep in the US? | 6 million |
| What's the number of head of goats in the US? | 3 million |
| Why are the greatest horse numbers associated with the most highly populated areas of Michigan and how many are there in Michigan? | 188,000 in Michigan, Oakland county holds the most horses at 6,900 but I don't know the reason |
| What type of operations are the majority of Michigan horses housed? | 80, 000 are housed in partial stalls (60,000 pasture, 15,000 installed) |
| Are most horses kept on stalls, pastures, or a combination of both? | Partial stalls |
| What is the annual economic impact of the horse industry in Michigan? | $1.069 billion |
| What is the primary type of product produced in the horse industry? | Service in the form of: work, recreation, competition, enhanced quality of life |
| What is a female horse over 3 years old called? | Mare |
| What is a female horse under 3 years old called? | Filly |
| What is an intact male horse over 3 years old called? | Stallion |
| What is an intact male horse under 3 years old called? | Colt |
| What is a horse under 1 year of age called? | Foal |
| What is a horse weaned from the dam, typically 4-11 months old, called? | Weanling |
| What is a horse between 12-24 months old called? | Yearling |
| What is a castrated male horse called? | Gelding |
| What is a hand? | 4 inches in length, measured from ground to withers (highest point where neck joins the body) |
| Reddish brown coat with black points. | Bay |
| Light to dark red coat, manes and tails are the same color as the body. | Chestnut |
| True black coat, solid black with no brown hairs with a black mane and tail. | Black |
| Dark brown, nearly black coat, brown around certain areas. | Seal brown |
| Gray colored coat. | Gray |
| Specks on a gray colored coat. | Flea-bitten |
| What are ponies, draft, and light horses all a species* of? | Equus Caballus |
| What horses are used for field work, pulling competitions, show hitches and have a small, steady population in the US? | Draft horses (Belgians, Percherons, Clydesdales) |
| What horses are used for racing, riding, showing, ranch work and have the highest horse population in the US? | Light horses (Arabian, Morgan, Quarter Horse, Standardbreds, Thoroughbreds) |
| What horses are used for youth mounts, pets, showing, and have a small, decreasing population in the US? | Ponies (Shetland, Hackney, Welsh, POA's) |
| What horses are under 38" at the withers? | Miniature horses |
| What equine are used for riding, driving, pets, and working animals in the US with smaller hooves, longer ears and faces, and stand at about 45" at the withers? | Donkeys |
| What equine has been used in the military in the US, stand as tall as horses, and is a cross between 2 equine species? | Mules |
| What is the color of a Belgian? | Chestnut |
| What is the color of Percherons? | Black or gray |
| What is the color of Clydesdales? | Bay with white legs and feathering |
| What is the color of Arabians? | Bay, chestnut, black, and roan |
| What is the color of Morgans? | Bay, chestnut, or black |
| What is the color of Quarter Horses? | Tan. reddish brown |
| What is the color of Standardbreds? | Brown, black, chestnut, and gray |
| What is the color of Thoroughbreds? | Black, white, chestnut, bay, and gray |
| What is the color of Shetlands? | Black, dark brown, bay, chestnut |
| What is the color of Hackneys? | Bay, brown, chestnut, and black |
| What is the color of Welshes? | Chestnut, bay, gray, black |
| What is the color of POA's? | Dark with white blanket coat |
| What is the birthday of all horses? | January 1st |
| What provides passive immunity from mother's milk before the gut closes to large molecules after 12 hours? | Colostrum |
| What is a difficult birth in horses typically caused by large or awkwardly shaped fetuses, a small maternal pelvis, or by uterus/cervix failure to contract and expand? | Dystocia |
| What are seasonal breeders that have more than one estrous cycle during specific times of the year called? (all horses) | Seasonally polyestrous |
| What is the Coggins test? | A blood test to identify if a horse is a carrier for equine infectious anemia. |
| What is the gestation of a horse? | 340 days |
| What is natural cover? | Pasture or hand mating. |
| What is AI? | Artificial insemination, frozen or cooled semen is shipped when the horse is ovulating. |
| How long does estrus (heat) last in horses? | 5-6 days |
| How long does estrous last in horses? | 21 days, 14-16 days are diestrus |
| What is the life of a stallion like? | Starts reproducing at 3-4 years old. |
| What is the life of a mare like? | Starts breeding at 3-4 years or continues training depending on purpose. |
| What is the life of a weanling (4-11 months of age) like? | Weaned, begins leading and tying, group housing/feeding to enhance socialization, and showing. |
| What is the life of a yearling horse like? | They reach puberty at about 18 months, receive vaccinations, and deworming. |
| What is the life of a 2-3 year old horse like? | Training begins, vaccinations, and they take the Coggins test. |
| What is the life of a geriatric, 20+ year old horse? | They've reached retirement usually, teeth and overall health is checked more often. |
| What does a healthy horse look like? | Bright expression, normal vitals, slick, shiny hair/coat (not too long or thick), hooves in good condition, normal movement, good appetite, body condition score of 5-6. |
| What are the normal vitals of a horse? | Temperature: 99-101 F, heart rate: 28-44 bpm, respiration rate: 8-16 breaths/min, light pink mucous membranes, capillary refills are about 2 seconds, gut sounds. |
| What is special about a horses GI tract? | Non-ruminant, hindgut is highly important and contains microbes, limited stomach capacity, low amylase production, rapid rate of passage. |
| What is the #1 killer of horses? | Colic (impaction, spasmodic, or gas) |
| What is BSC and how do you determine it? | It's body condition scoring and you look along the withers, ribs, neck, behind the shoulders, and check for loin creases, and look at the tail and head. Scale is 1-9, 1 being thin, 5-6 being moderate and desired, and 9 being obese. |
| What are the energy requirements of horses? | Young horses require 15% crude protein, other requirements depend on workload/training/breeding/showing/weight. Roughage (carbs) should make up 50% of the diet, with fat being part of the diet. No abrupt meal changes and small meals are best. |
| How mush forage should a horse eat per day? | 1% of its body weight. |
| How much water should a horse drink daily? | 10-12 gallons per day. |
| What is the importance of Selenium in a horses diet? | Trace mineral and essential nutrient for muscle development and growth. |
| What is the Calcium/Phosphorous ratio and what is its importance in horses? | 1:1 or 2:1, and it helps heart, nerve, and brain health as well as skeletal muscle growth and intestinal contraction. |
| What is the cost of vet care for cats and dogs annually? | $34.3 billion |
| What is the cost of food and treats for cats and dogs annually? | $50 billion |
| What is the cost of pets supplies/animals annually? | $29.8 billion |
| What is the other services for cat and dogs annually? | $9.5 billion |
| What is the cost of purchasing cats and dogs annually? | $2 billion |
| What are the 7 groups of dogs recognized by the AKC? | Sporting, hound, working, terrier, toy, non-sporting, and herding (misc. class and foundation stock service). |
| How many households in the US have dogs? | 47% |
| How many households in the US have cats? | 46% |
| What dog breeds are used by the MSU Police Department? | German Shephard and Labrador Retriever (I couldn't find more) |
| What were the top 5 dog breeds in 2021? | Labrador Retrievers, French Bulldogs, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Poodles |
| What is the family, genus, and species of a cat? | Family: Felidae, Genus: Felis, Species: Sylvestris |
| What is the family, genus, and species of a dog? | Family: Canidae, Genus: Canis, Species: Familiaris |
| What are the therapeutic benefits of dogs? | vision therapy, health crisis assistance, mobility assistance, PTSD help, emotionally impaired persons, and they help lower blood pressure. |
| What are the therapeutic benefits of cats? | They're used in hospice care, nursing homes, and with children. |
| What are the nutrient requirements of dogs? | Dogs can eat large meals, need 20-25% protein, 15% fat, vitamins and minerals, 30-35% carbs, and water. |
| What are the nutrient requirements for cats? | Cats need small meals throughout the day, 35-45% of protein (meat, fish, meat-byproducts), 10-20% fat, fatty acids arachidonic and taurine, and 70-75% of moisture from their meals. |
| Are cats true carnivores and what're some of their unique nutritional requirements? | yes, and their unique requirements include fatty acids arachidonic and taurine, and more moisture in their food than drinking water. |
| Are dogs omnivores or carnivores? | Omnivores. |
| What can help stop the spread of zoonotic diseases from cats and dogs to humans? | Hand washing, using gloves, treating infected animals, and quarantining sick animals. |
| What're the zoonotic diseases of dogs? | Ringworm, Salmonellosis, leptospirosis, and Lyme disease. |
| What're the zoonotic diseases of cats? | Ringworm, rabies, Q fever, and E.coli. |
| What is ringworm and how is it contracted from animals to humans? | Ringworm is a rash caused by a fungal infection transmitted by skin to skin contact. |
| What are the stress signs of dogs? | Tense muscles, freezing, low postures, ears back, tail tucked, worried/uncomfortable eyes, and furrowed brows. |
| What are alert/aggression signs of dogs? | Raised tails and growling. |
| What cow is from Scotland, weighs 1,200lbs, is mahogany and white, and produces 21,500lbs of milk with 3.85% fat? | Ayrshire |
| What cow is from Switzerland, weighs 1,600lbs, is blackish-brown or silver, and produces 23,500lbs of milk with 3.98% fat? | Brown Swiss |
| What cow is from the Guernsey Isle, weighs 1,100lbs, is light red and white, and produces 19,500lbs of milk with 4.39% fat? | Guernsey |
| What cow is from Holland, weighs 15,000lbs, is black and white, and produces 27,000lbs of milk with 3.8% fat? | Holstein |
| What cow is from Jersey Isle, weighs 1,100lbs, is fawn or blackish-brown, and produces 20,500lbs of milk with 4.9% fat? | Jersey |
| What cow is from Holland, weighs 1,400lbs, is red and white and produces 24,637lbs of milk with 3.8% fat? | Red and White |
| What cow is from from the British Isles with low milk production since it is more of a dual purpose breed? | Milking Shorthorn |
| What're the top dairy producing states? | California, Wisconsin, Idaho, and Michigan |
| What is the largest cost in dairy cow economics annually? | Feed ($5-8 a day per cow) |
| How do calves play into dairy cow economy? | They have a large cost since they must be 2 years old before breeding and milking. |
| What is the average net income per cow annually? | $350-750 |
| What is the average dairy farm return investment? | 7%-10% |
| How does a cows weight fluctuate over the course of a year? | She loses and gains 200lbs. |
| What is freshening? | Calving/birthing |
| How long is a cow's lactation? | 305 days |
| How long is a cow's lactation vacation? | 60 days |
| What are the reproductive tools of the dairy industry? | Record keeping, AI, and genomic testing of DNA. |
| What is embryo transfer used for in the dairy industry? | Elite cows, or surrogates of promising bloodlines |
| What is In-vitro fertilization used for in cows? | Elite cows have eggs harvested from their ovaries, freeze the embryos, and implant them in surrogates 1 week after ovulation, over $1300 per session |
| What percent of cows are bred using AI? | 70% |
| What percent of cows are bred as embryo recipients? | 10% |
| What percent of cows are bred naturally? | 20% |
| How often should cows calve? | Every 13 months. |
| When should a cow first be bred? | At 12-24 months to calve at 2 years old. |
| What type of diet do dairy cows require? | Ruminants, roughages (corn and hay silage, hay) and concentrates (corn, wheat, milo) diet, total mixed rations are an option, and ration considerations involve intake and feeding the cows rumen bugs. |
| Which of the following Dairy breeds are frequently found in Michigan feedlots? | Holstein |
| True or false: milk is 75% water and 3.7% fat. | False |
| There are approximately how many dairy cattle in Michigan? | 430,000-440,000 |
| What's the number 1 state with respect to milk produced per cow? | Michigan |
| What is the number 1 state with respect to number of cows? | California |
| True or false: dairy is the leading industry in the state of Michigan based on farm receipts. | True |
| Is conception challenging in high producing cows? | Yes, 3/10 conceive. |
| What affects a horse's temperature? | Exercise, illness, and ambient temperature/sunlight. |
| True or false: foals have lower pulse rates than adult horses. | False |
| What percent of a horses body weight is fed to them in forage? | 3% |
| What is a good body score for a horse | 5-6 |
| What color is a sorrel horse? | Dark brown with white around its hooves and a white face |
| If a horse's ribs were showing and their hips and withers were pronounced, what body condition score would they receive? | 1-3 |
| If your horse had a temperature of 103F should you call your veterinarian? | Yes, a horse should be 99-101F |
| What would you expect to see in a horse with a body condition score of 8? | Fat over the crest of the neck, a spongy tailhead, ribs hard to feel, and a crease over the loin. |
| What does the equine industry produce? | Goods and services. |
| A horse that is 65 inches tall at the withers is how many hands tall? | 16.1 hands. |
| What is a baby horse of either gender called? | A foal. |
| Are horses and reindeer a source of milk in some countries? | Yes |
| What cow breed does MSU use for dairy? | Holstein |
| The current/recent average net income of a dairy cow in Michigan is what? | -$250-300 |
| The overall market value for the pet industry in 2021 was? | $123 billion |
| Are there 184 million cats and dogs in the US? | Yes |
| Are there 190 official dog breeds regarding registered dogs? | Yes |
| Does dog registration guarantee dog breed quality? | No |
| True or false: the Lhasa Apso and the Alaskan Malamute are both recognized as the oldest dog breeds. | True |
| What was the most popular registered cat breed in 2020? | Ragdoll |
| Do dogs lower blood pressure in humans? | Yes |
| Is soybean meal a source of carbohydrate (CHO) in pet food diets? | No |
| Do cats have a high maintenance requirement for protein? | Yes |
| If a dog has its ears laid back and tail tucked between its legs, is it safe to reach for the dog? | No |
| Are the majority of dairy cows artificially inseminated? | Yes |
| What is a TMR? | Total mixed ration: a mixed diet that contains all the nutrients a cow needs. |
| What state has the highest milk production per cow? | Michigan |
| What states have 1/3 of all diary cows in the US? | California and Wisconsin. |
| What types of horses are used for riding, showing, and ranch work? | Light horses. |
| Which of the following is a draft horse: Belgian, Shetland, Quarter horse, or Arabian? | Belgian |
| True or false: the gestation period for most equines is 283 gays (9months). | False |
| What breed of draft horse is usually dapple gray or black? | Percheron |
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