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VTT 255 Test 3
Pharmacology drugs affecting the Nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the common used drugs for the Phenothiazines class | Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine |
| What is the common used drugs for the Benzodiazepines class | Diazepam (valium), Midazolam (versed) |
| What is the common used drugs for the Alpha-2 Agonists class | Xylazine, Medetomidine, Detomidine |
| What is the common used drugs for the Barbituartes class | Phenobarbital, Thiopental, Pentobarbital, Euthanasia containing Pedtobarbital |
| What is the effects of the Phenothiazines | Penile prolapse in horse, no analgesia |
| What is the effects of the Benzodiazepines? | no analgesia, generic diazepam given orally for several days has been kinled to liver failure |
| What is the effects of the Apha-2 agonists? | Bradycardia, dogs may develop bloat which may require decompression, human precaution: will absorb through MM's and cuts |
| What is the effects of the Babiturates? | Severe CNS depression, hypoproteinemic animals can have prolonged unconsciousness or death at normal doses |
| What is the contraindications/precautions of Phenothiazines? | cautious-smaller doses should b given 2 animal w/liver dysfunc, cardiac dz, debilitation, & geriatrics; giant dogs, greyhnds may b extra senitive while terriers r somewhat resistant 2 its effects; boxers may b sensitive 2 the hypotensive, bradycardic effe |
| What is the contraindications/precautions of Benzodiazepines? | IV slowly; caution in animals w/hepatic,renal dz,debilitated,geriatric,coma,shock; human brith defects n 1st tri;drugs cross the placents & n milk may cause CNS effects n neonates |
| What is the contraindications/precautions of Alpha-2 Agonists? | Muscle temors, bradycardia, reduced RR, movement n response 2 loud noises, increased urination n cats, dogs may deelop bloat, horses will sweat, use w caution w other tranqs |
| What is the contraindications/precautions of Barbiturates? | cate r extra sensitive 2 respiratory, Hpyoproteinemic animals can have prolonged unconsciousness or death @ normal doses, caution n acidotic animals |
| Is Phenothiazines a controlled substances? | Is not a controlled substances |
| Is Benzodiazepines a controlled substances? | Is a controlled substances |
| Is Alpha-2 Agonists a controlled substances? | Is not a controlled substances |
| Is Barbiturates a controlled substances? | Is a controlled substances |
| Does Phenothiazines lower the sezure threshold? | Yes |
| Does Benzodiazepines lower the sezure threshold? | No |
| Does ALpha-2 Agonists lower the sezure threshold? | No |
| Does Barbiturates lower the sezure threshold? | Yes |
| Does Phenothiazines have analgesic properies? | No |
| Does Benzodiazepines have analgesic properies? | No |
| Does Alpha-2 Agonists have analgesic properies? | Yes |
| Does Barbiturates have analgesic properies? | Yes |
| What is the common trade names for Diazepam? | Valium |
| What is the common trade names for Midzaolam? | Versed |
| What is the common trade names for Xylazine | Rompun, AnaSed, Gemini |
| What is the common trade names for Medetomidine? | Domitor |
| What is the common trade names for Detomidine? | Dormosedan |
| What is the common trade names for Thiopental? | Pentothal |
| What is the common trade names for Euthanasia Solutions contining Pentobarbital? | Beauthanasia-D, FP-3, Sleepaway |
| What animals are effected by Phenothiazines and what happenes? | Horses-penile prolapse |
| What animals are effected by Benzodiazepines and what happenes? | Horses-muslce fasciculation, weakness, ataxiaCats-been linked to liver failure use only brand name ValiumDogs-may cause CNS excitement if used alone |
| What animals are effected by Alpha-2 Agonists and what happenes? | Horses-stimulated w/loud noisedogs-may develop bloatCattle-w/Xylazine extra sensitive |
| What animals are effected by Barbiturates and what happenes? | Cats-extra sensitive to the respiratory effects |
| What is the maximum injectable dose in dogs for Acepromazine? | 3mg |
| What is the [ ] for Diazepam? | 5mg/mL |
| What is the ratio with Ketamine and Diazepam? | Equal volumes in the same syringe |
| What is the receral aganet for Benzediazepines? | Flumazenil |
| What is the Routes of administration for Benzodiazepines? | IV-Diazepam, Midazolam IM-Midzolam Oral-Diazepam |
| What is Zolazepam? | In the Benzodiazepines class, a component of Telazol |
| What is the MOA for Alpha-2 Agonists? | Stimulate alpha-2 receptors in the CNS causing a decrease in the level of norepinephrine; also the heart and blood vessels |
| What is the reversal agent for Xylazine? | Yohimbine for dog and catTolazoline for horses |
| What is the reversal agent for Medetomidine? | Atipamezole(Antisedan) |
| What is the reversal agent for Detomidine? | Tolazoline |
| What is the reversal agent for Dexmedetomidine? | Atipamezole (Antisedan) |
| What does the body do to Medetomidine? | turns it into Dexmedetomindine |
| What is the MOA of Barbiturates? | Depress the reticular activing center of the brian by inhibiting the release of ACH & norepinephrine; this results in less excitatory impules being able to pass into the cerebral cortex |
| What is the concept of redistribution? | Drugs are made to attach themselves to lipophilic so they can cross the the wall of the blood/brain barrier |
| What is the classifications/times? | long-acting 8-12 hrsshort-acting 45min - 2 hrsultra-short acting 5-30 min |
| What is the classifications/times of Phenobarbital? | Long-acting |
| What is the classifications/times of Thiopental? | ultra-short acting |
| What is the classifications/times of Pentobarbital? | Short acting |
| What is the classifications/times of Euthanasia solutions? | short acting |
| What is the 4 steps of the pain pathway? | Transduction= stimulus of sensory nervesTransmission= the depolarization along the sensory nerve to spinal cord to brainModulation=transmission in spinal cord or brain by other neurotransmittersConscious perception= when brain is conscious aware |
| Why does pain perception change over time? | pain receptors become more sensitve to stimulation over time |
| What is the wind up phenomenon? | more nerve ending involved & the ones involved getting more insetive |
| Why is it important so know about the wind up? | so we can make sure that the pt has pre op analgesics |
| What is NMDA? | N-methyl-D-Aspartae receptors |
| What is the the MOA for Dissociatives? | to reduce the CNS stimulation effects during indection or recovery |
| What is catalepsis? | A condition that occurs in a variety of physical and psychological disorders and is characterized by lack of response to external stimuli and by muscular rigidity, so that the limbs remain in whatever position they are placed. |
| What are clinical signs of Dissociatives? | lack of response to external stimuli and by muscular rigidity, so that the limbs remain in whatever position they are placed. |
| What is the [ ] for Ketamine? | 100mg/ml |
| What is the ration of Ketamine w/ Diazepam? | Equal volume of both in the same syringe |
| What is Tiletamine combined with? | Zolazepam |
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Neonta
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