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Animal Health
Animal Nutrition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nutrients | Substances that provide nourishment for growth and maintenance of life |
| Amino Acids | Nitrogen-containing compounds that constitute the "building blocks" or units from which more complex protein is formed; contain both an amino group and a carboxyl group; about 11 essential amino acids must be provided in the diet |
| Lipid | Any fat or oil or related compound that is insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents |
| Fatty Acid | Building blocks of animal or vegetable fats and oils with varying carbon chain length; several essential fatty acids must be provided in the diet |
| Kilojoule (kJ) | Amount of mechanical energy needed for a force of 1 newton to move a weight of 1kg a distance of 1m; used as a measure of food energy in Europe, with conversions of 1kcal = 4.184kJ and 1kJ = 0.239kcal |
| Calorie | Amount of heat energy needed o increase the temperature of 1g of water from 14.5 degrees celsius to 15.5 degrees celsius; in nutrition, the kilocalorie (1000 calories) is used as the basic unit of energy |
| Metabolized Energy (ME) | Energy available to the animal after energy from feces, urine, and combustible gases has been subtracted from gross energy; used to express the energy content of foods and commercial diets |
| Atwater Factors | Average energy content of macronutrients; for commercial pet foods, modified factors are used, including 3.5kcal for 1g protein or 1g carbohydrate, and 8.5kcal for 1g fat |
| Energy Density | The number of calories provided in foods; expressed as kcal/kg for pet diets |
| Resting Energy Requirement (RER) | Average amount of energy used by an animal while resting in a thermoneutral environment |
| Metabolized (Maintenance) Energy Requirement (MER) | Average amount of energy used by an animal with normal activity, exercise, and growth, or other energy demands beyond resting |
| Palatability | Description of the taste, texture, aroma, and other characteristics of pet food; highly palatable foods tend to be rich in fat and have added flavor enhancers |
| Body Condition Score (BCS) | Estimate of body fat composition, with higher scores indicating overweight or obese animals, and lower scores indicating thin or emaciated animals |
| Assisted Feeding | Providing energy and nutrients when animals are not eating adequate amounts; entered feeding uses the gastrointestinal tract, and parenteral feeding uses the venous (blood circulatory) system |
| Esophagostomy Tube | Tube placed into an artificial opening in the esophagus when oral feeding is impossible because of injury or surgery |
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KaleighMichelle
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