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animal ant. and Phy.
Knowledge check two
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Long Bone | Greater in length than width |
| Flat Bone | Thin and expanded in two directions |
| Pneumatic Bone | Contain sinuses and communicates with the atmosphere |
| Irregular Bone | Unpaired bones on the median plane Offer protection, support and muscular Ex; Vertebrae |
| Sesamoid Bone | Develop within tendon and serve to change the angle that the tendon passes over the bone Looks like a sesame seed Ex: Patella |
| Costal Cartilage | Highland cartilage that elasticity to the ribs |
| Heamopoiesis | Production of blood |
| Vertebral Colum | Works to support the head and body and protect the spinal cord |
| Sternum | Forms the ventral bony throax and is the origin for the pectoral muscles |
| Interphase | Period between active cell division |
| Prophase | 1st active phase in Mitosis Nuclear membrane and nucleolus begin to break don Centrioles move to oppposite poles |
| Metaphase | membrane and nucleolus disappear Chromatids line up along the equator they draw apart at the centromere |
| Anaphase | Each centromere completely divides Chromataids are sperated intp 2 |
| Teolophase | The final stage where two identical daughter cells are formed |
| Endocytosis | Intracellular material leaved the cell |
| Mitosis | divison of somatic cells |
| Meiosis | division of reproductive cells |
| Axial Skeleton | Bones on or attached to the midline of the body Skull Vertebral Column Sternum Ribs |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Bones of the limbs Phalanges |
| Shoulder | Appendicular Skeleton |
| Ribs | Axial Skeleton Number of pairs of ribs is the same as the number if thoraic vertebrae |
| Sternum | Axial Skeleton Forms the ventral bony thorax and attaches at the costal cartilages of the ribs Origin for Pectoral Muscles |
| Short Bone | Cuboid, Approximate and equal in all directions Exterior= Compact Bone Interior= Spongy Bone |
| Five Regions of the Vertebral Column | Cervical- Head down the neck Thoracic-First part of the back Lumbar-Lower Back Sacral- Part of the rump Coccygeal- in the tail |
| Vertebral Column | Used to supports the head and supports the spinal cord |
| First Vertebrae ( C1) | Atlas |
| Second Vertebrae (C2) | Axis |
| True ribs | Attached to the sternum by costal hyaline cartilage |
| False Ribs | Those Caudal to the true ribs |
| Thoracic Limbs ( appendicular Skeleton) | Shoulder Arm Forearm Carpus Metacarpus Phalanges |
| Pelvic Limbs ( Appendicular Skeleton) | Pelvic girdle- Pelvous Thigh-Femur Crus ( true leg)-Tiba Fibula Tarsus- Knee on the backside Metatarsus- Cannon Bone |
| Bones | Type of connective tissue Essential Minerals: calcium and phosphorous |
| Ossification | Formation of bone deposition of calcium salts in osteoid tissues |
| Compact Bone | Harder layer that covers most bones Forms almost entire shaft of long bones gives bone the smooth and white appearance Surrounded by a thin layer of Periosteum Anchoring point for surrounding tissue Contain cells that aid in bone growth and repair |
| Cancellous Bone | Spongy bone Concentrated in wider ends of long bones Between layer of compact bone in flat bones |
| Trabeculae (Cancellous Bone) | Network of fingerlike bony projections Spaces are filled with red marrow |
| Medullary Cavity | Innermost space of the shaft of the long bone Lined by Endosteum in young animals it filled with red marrow yellow in older animals |
| Epiphysis | Either end of long bone Close to the body-Proximal Epiphysis Farthest from the body- Distal epiphysis |
| Diaphysis | Cylindrical Shaft of a long bone |
| Metaphysis | Flared area adjacent to epiphysis Widest part a long Bone |
| Epiphyseal ( cartilage growth plate) | Hyaline cartilage only area of bone which can lengthen |
| Articular Cartilage | Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface of bone reduces frication Can be damaged through wear and tear |
| Perisosteum | Fibrous membrane that covers surface of a bone except where Articular cartilage covers |
| Endosteum | Fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity of a bone |
| Nutrient Foramen | Opening that allows blood vessels carrying nutrients in and out of the medullary cavity |
| Osteoblasts | Bone forming cells Bone builders Lay down layer of bone matric primarily consisting of collagen Unmineraized Ossifes to form compact bone Live in the lacunae |
| Osteoclasts | Bone destroying Boring holes through compact bone creating a marrow cavity as the long bone lengthen Involves in removing old cartilage |
| Osteocytes | Bone cells embedded in the bone matric are mature osteoblasts that are trapped in the bone matrix Small cavity called Lacuane Connected tp each other and the bone surface by channels called Canaliculi |
| Bone growth happens in | Epiphyseal Plate |
| Endochondral Ossification | Increased in length of long bones, which happens because of cartilage cell (chondrocyte) Pushes the epiphyses outward from the diaphysis |
| Ligaments | Connects bone to bone Connective tissue |
| Tendons | Connect bone to muscle or muscle to muscle |
| Bursa Fluid filled sac | Eases movement in area of friction Fluid filled sac acts as a cushion between bones and tendons or ,muscles around a joint |
| Bone growth(length) | Endochondral ossification, this happens in the epiphyseal plate. Cartilage cells dies, leaves cavities, osteoclasts come in and smooth out the surface Osteoblasts build up bone some become trapped and become osteocytes ( bone cell) |
| Growth in Width | Happens throughout life in response to a need Forms new bone on top of old bone ant osteoblast in this stage more than you do osteoclasts |
| Joints | Connection between bones |
| Articulate | Join so motion can occur between parts |
| Fibrous Joints | Immoveable Synarthroses No joint cavity Syndesmosis ( cannon and split bones) Suture( skull) Gomphosis ( teeth in mandible and Maxilla) |
| Cartilaginous | Limited movement Amphiarthroses Sychondrosis Symohyes oubic bone adjacent to Fibrocartilage Bewteen vertebrae |
| Synovial Joints | Freely moveable Also called diarthroses Articular Cartilage/ surface/ cavity Join capsule Synovial and fibrous |
| Synovial fluid | Villi Lubricate Joint Shock Absorber |
| Ginglymus Hinge joint | Move on one plane only Flextion, extension Fetlock elbow |
| Plane join | Gliding motion between flat opposes surfaces Adjacent carpal bones |
| Trochoid (pivot) Joint | Moves around one axis Atlantoaxial joint |
| Spheroid( ball and socket) joint | Permits moment in nearly any direction Hip shoulder joints |
| Cartilage | Forms connective tissue more elastic |
| Articular cartilage | Covers joint surfaces |
| Meniscus | Curved fiibrous cartilage in joints acts as cushion from force Stifle |
Created by:
Laceyjay2050
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