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HORT1001 Wk 15
Plant Breeding; GMO; Invasive Plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Compare and contrast rose and tomato for their ploidy and method of propagation. | Rose: propagated asexually, bi-parental cross, 7 haploid chromosomes Tomato: Propagated by seed, bi-parental cross, diploid 2n=24 |
| How does the variation in ploidy affect rose breeding? Does it have the same impact on tomato breeding? | Some are sterile because of triploidy or an imbalance in chromosome numbers and can never form rose hips. Sterile roses cannot be bred Tomatoes will all cross with each other |
| What is emasculation, why is it done, which parent do you emasculate or do you emasculate both parents? | Removing the anthers, it is done on perfect flowers that are intended to be used as female so the flower will not pollinate itself |
| When making a cross, which plant is used as the female, the most adapted (generally good) parent or the parent you are using as the donor of a desired trait? | The most adapted and generally good plant. The female brings the health |
| What is a reciprocal cross? | A cross in plants in the opposite direction |
| Why do you have to allow tomato to self pollinate for several generations after you make the hybridization? | To develop pure lines by inbreeding, the plants will be highly homozygous at most loci. This produces identical offspring via seeds |
| Why dehybridize? What type of crop (naturally inbreeding or naturally outcrossing) would you be most likely to dehybridize? What is the downside of dehybridizing? | It is the easiest way to breed your own crop. Works well on self-pollinating crops. Downside is that you are breeding "blind" |
| What is a GMO? | Genetically modified organism |
| How does a GMO plant differ from a conventional (non-GMO) plant? Do you think you could identify a GMO from a non-GMO seed, seedling, or mature plant just by looking at it? | A GMO plant carries 1 or more transgenes in its genome It is impossible to visibly tell a difference |
| Where do transgenes come from and how are they introduced into a GMO crop? | Genes from another organism, introduced through genetic modification by being inserted into the nucleus |
| What does a farmer need to do to adopt a GMO crop with insect resistance? | Introduction of Bt to the plant |
| What are the most significant advantages of using GMO technology vs conventional plant breeding? | Weed control, increased nutrition in foods, resistance to pests/viruses Safe for growers, consumers, and the environment |
| What is an invasive plant? | Plant that is non-native to the ecosystem, whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health |
| What is happening during the three phases of invasive plant spread? | Lag phase: slow due to a low number of plants being introduced Exponential spread: rapid spread as numbers and reproductive rates accelerate Maximum: if left uncheck, they will reach maximum capacity |
| What impacts do invasive plants have on the environment? | Competition with native plant species for resources Decrease in biodiversity Degradation of wildlife habitat, agriculture lands, and water quality. Increase in soil erosion Decrease in recreational opportunities. genetic contamination or pollution |
| What are common properties of an invasive plant? | Thriving on disturbed soil. Distribution by birds, wind, or humans over great distances. Aggressive root systems that spread long distances from a single plant. Root systems that smother the root systems of surrounding vegetation. allelopathy |
| If genetic pollution occurred, could it be reversed? | No |
Created by:
kylee1542
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