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HORT1001 Wk 13

DNA; Mitosis; Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
If you know that a rung of the DNA ladder has the base Adenine, then you also know that the other base to which it is bonded is Thymine. Why not Guanine? Why not Cytosine? The space is just large enough for a double ringed (A, G) to match to a single ringed (C, T) A & G are purines C & T are pyrimidines
Why is DNA called a double helix? Because it has a helix-like shape
Why do you think that the chromosome is so highly condensed (meaning wrapped and folded) during metaphase, which is in the middle of cell division? It is easier to keep track of and move during cell division
What is the connection among nucleosomes, linker DNA and beads-on-a-string? Beads are the nucleosomes and the string is the linker DNA Seen in chromosomes
Where would you place leaf spongy mesophyll cells on the cell cycle? Why? G1, they are enlarging and some differentiating into specialized cells; they stay here until death
Where would you place cork cambium cells on the cell cycle? Why? S phase, they prepare to divide by replicating their chromosomes
Somatic cells of beans have 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes in a bean sperm cell? 11
Corn egg cells have 10 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a corn seed's endosperm cells? 20
Why do cells undergo mitosis anyway? Is it important? Results in the formation of new cells; it is an essential part of plant growth
Are the replicated sister chromatids independent during mitosis or are they connected in some physical way? Connected at the centromere
When do the sister chromatids separate from each other? Anaphase
Do the chromosomes replicate during mitosis or during interphase? Interphase (S)
Why are the chromosomes in their most condensed state during metaphase and retain this condensed state through chromatid migration in anaphase? To prevent the helices from breaking and keep DNA organized so it can move
In what sense is meiosis the gateway into the haploid or gametophytic stage of alternation of generations? Meiosis is the type of cell division that starts with diploid cells and result in haploid cells. Without it, there's no egg or sperm, this no sexual reproduction
Why does a diploid plant cell always have an even number of chromosomes? Because there's 2 copies of each chromosome
A diploid rose cell has 14 chromosomes. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes will you find in that diploid cell? 7
Do the chromosomes replicate prior to meiosis? Yes
What happens during "crossing over"? The chromosomes share DNA through recombination
In the cartoon from the lesson showing the stages of Meiosis, starting with Anaphase I, some of the sister chromatids are combinations of red and blue rather than being all red or all blue. What does that represent? The recombinant DNA strands
What separates in Anaphase I? What separates in Anaphase II? Homologous chromosomes; Centromeres
Why does independent assortment during meiosis contribute to genetic variability of gametes? The chromosomes aren't linked and can produce several different outcomes through random assortment
Why does crossing over contribute to genetic variability of gametes? Because the sister chromatids exchange DNA
The DNA pyrimidine base Thymine bonds with the DNA purine base Adenine, but not with the purine base Guanine, because: Thymine and Adenine share the correct number of hydrogen bonds.
The DNA double helix condenses by: coiling around proteins
DNA is most highly condensed: during metaphase.
A sperm cell nucleus has the _______ number of chromosomes haploid
A leaf guard cell has the _______ number of chromosomes diploid
Mitosis results in one cell dividing into _______ cells 2
Following the S phase of interphase, what structures are connected by the centromere? Pairs of sister chromatids
the gateway from the diploid to the haploid generation is: meiosis
Independent assortment takes place during: the separation of homologous chromosomes in Anaphase I of meiosis.
Crossing over refers to the way that: strands of DNA exchange between sister chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes.
Both crossing over and independent assortment are important in: generating genetic variation within the species
Diploid cells always have an even number of chromosomes (the number of chromosomes is divisible by 2). Do haploid cells also always have an even number of chromosomes? No, for some plant species the haploid number of chromosomes is an odd number.
The point where sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes join with each other forming an "X" shape is a/an: chiasma.
Seedless watermelon are: triploid.
Created by: kylee1542
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