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nematodes
parasitology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the final host of Toxocara cati | cat |
| what is the length of Toxocara vitulorum | 15-30 cm |
| anterior end of Toxocara vitulorum has | smaller lips than next part of the body |
| posterior end of male of Toxocara vitulorum | finger like process |
| who carries out the strongest copulation | Toxocara vitulorum |
| what type of spicules does Toxocara vitulorum have | stout (strong) spicules |
| what is the size of the egg of Toxocara vitulorum | 85x70 |
| what is the shape of Toxocara vitulorum egg | subglobular in shape |
| what type of shell does Toxocara vitulorum have | thick and pitted |
| what type of migration occurs in Toxocara vitulorum | hepatopulmonary or trans somatic migration |
| what are the symptoms of larval migration in Toxocara vitulorum | focal hemorrhage and white spot fibrosis in liver |
| what causes the symptoms og larval migration in Toxocara vitulorum | change of L2 to L3 in liver L3 to L4 in lung |
| what are the symptoms of adult worm of Toxocara vitulorum | catarrhal enteritis indigestion intermittent diarrhea cough and loss of weight |
| what causes pre and post natal infection | Trans somatic migration |
| Toxocara canis is | common canine roundworm |
| Toxocara cati is | common feline roundworm |
| what is the type of migration in Toxocaris Leanine | non migratory |
| what is the length of Toxocara canis | 10-18 cm |
| what is the length of Toxocara cati | 10 cm |
| what is the length of Toxocaris Leonina | 7-10 cm |
| what is the final host of Toxocaris leonina | cat and dog |
| cervical alae of Toxocara canis is | attached gradually to the rest of the body |
| cervical alae of Toxocara cati is | attached at right angle to the body |
| cervical alae of Toxocaris Leonina is | attached gradually to the body |
| what does the bursa of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati have | finger like process |
| what does the bursa of Toxocaris Leonina have | no finger like process |
| describe the egg of Toxocara canis | 90x75 dark brown in color has thick pitted shell |
| describe the egg of Toxocara cati | 70x80 colorless has thick pitted shell |
| describe the egg of Toxocara Leonina | 75x85 colorless has thick smooth shell |
| how does Toxocara canis migrate | in feaces 3-4 weeks after birth prenatal and postnatal infections |
| how does Toxocara cati migrate | in feces 3-4 weeks after birth postnatal and trans mammary |
| how does Toxocaris Leonina migrate | in feces 2-3 months post infection no migration |
| what is retinitis | dead larvae in eye surrounded by granuloma in children |
| host of Parascaris equorum or Ascaris megacephala | horse, donkey, zebra |
| lips of Parascaris | large, 15-40 cm |
| describe egg of Parascaris equorum | spherical, smooth, 100 nm |
| type of migration is Parascaris equorum | hepatopulmonary |
| final host of Ascarida Galli | birds |
| length of Ascarida galli | 5-12 cm |
| esophagus of Ascardia galli | bulbed |
| male of Ascarida galli | 10 pairs of genital papillae two equal spicules pre cloacal sucker is small |
| pre patent period of Ascarida galli | 40-60 days |
| infection of Ascarida galli | young birds up to 3 months catarrhal enteritis , diarrhea loss of weight , intestinal obstruction |
| egg of Ascarida galli | 85x50 and has no albumin thick smooth shell |
| type of migration of Ascardia galli | L2 within 21 days histotropic migration |
| habitat of Heterakis gallinarum | large intestine ( cecal worm ) |
| male of Heterakis gallinarum | 12 pairs of genital papilae two unequal spicules pre cloacal sucker is large |
| PPP of Heterakis gallinarum | 27 days |
| what disease caused by Heterakis gallinarum | transmission of protozoa called histomonas meleagridis causes black head disease in turkey |
| egg of Hetekaris gallinarum | 73x40 no albumin thick and smooth shell |
| type of migration of Heterakis gallinarum | L2 within 14 days histotropic migrarion |
| Anisakidae known as | fish nematode |
| infective stage of Anisakidae | crustacean or fish containing L3 |
| final host of Anisakis simplex | whale, dolphin, seal |
| final host of contracecum | whale, dolphin, seal |
| final host of psuedoterranova decipiens | seal |
| life cycle of Ascarididae | direct life cycle |
| Oxyuridae known as | pinworms |
| why are oxyuridae known as pinworms | female posterior end is pointed |
| esophagus of oxyuridae | double bulbed |
| posterior end of male of oxyuridae | one spicule |
| habitat of oxyuridae | large intestine |
| life cycle of oxyuridae | direct life cycle |
| type of migration of oxyuridae | histotropic migration |
| what is caused by Anisakidae | anisakiasis by immature worm invading stomach or intestine by ingesting undercooked fish or crustacean containing L3 |
| final host of Oxyuris equi | horse and donkey |
| length of Oxyuris equi | male: 1 cm female : 10 cm |
| egg of Oxyuris equi | thin wall , flattened at one side yellow or transparent mucoid plug in anterior end contain L1 |
| egg characteristic of Oxyuris equi | female layes 50,000 eggs shows as yellow greyish gelatinous mass in the perineal region takes 4-5 days to change to egg containing L3 |
| PPP of Oxyuris equi | 5 months |
| infective stage of Oxyuris equi | egg containing L3 |
| pathogensis of Oxyuris equi | L4 causes enteritis female adult causes anal puritis |
| clinical signs of Oxyuris equi | animal itch head of tail on near object anal puritis cause loss of hair, rat tail 2nd bacterial infection causes abscess |
| diagnosis of Oxyuris equi | adhesive tape technique scrape from perineal region |
| final host of Dictophyma renale | carmvores (mostly dog) |
| intermediate host of Dictophyma renale | annelids |
| paratenic host of Dictophyma renale | fish or frog |
| habitat of Dictophyma renale | kidney |
| length of Dictophyma renale | 60 cm and female may reach up to 1 m |
| color of Dictophyma renale | deep dark red purple |
| accidental host of Dictophyma renale | human as they may ingest undercooked fish containing L3 |
| strongylida known as | bursate nematodes |
| strongylida have buccal capsule | well developed buccal capsule containing teeth, cutting plates |
| esophagus of strongylida | simple club/ bulbed |
| female of strongylida | has cuticular flap called vulvar flap vulva is found post delph |
| male of strongylida | well developed bursa spicules are small, equal , simple |
| Trichostrongylidae known as | abomasal worms |
| Trichostrongylidae infective stage | ensheathed L3 |
| buccal capsule of Trichostrongylidae | vestigial (small) |
| final host of Trichostrongylidae | ruminant |
| female of trichostrongylus | has no vulvar flap |
| color of trichostrongylus | reddish brown |
| trichostrongylus has | distinctive execratory notch in the esophageal region |
| clincal signs of trichostrongylus | diarrhea, loss of weight |
| Hemonchus known as | stomach worm |
| habitat of Hemonchus | stomach |
| host of Hemonchus | ruminant, mainly sheep and goat |
| anterior body of Hemonchus | has prominent pair of cervical papillae |
| buccal cavity of Hemonchus | small and has small lancet like tooth |
| fresh female specimen of Hemonchus | white ovaries spiral around blood filled intestine causes barbers pole like appearance |
| pathogensis of Hemonchus | acute hemorrhagic anemia as it sucks 0.05ml of blood per day |
| types of hemonchosis | acute hemonchosis hyperacute hemonchosis chronis hemonchosis |
| signs of acute hemonchosis | sever anemia, edema/ bottle jaw |
| what causes bottle jaw | chronis fascoliasis acute hemonchosis type 2 ostertagia |
| adult Ostertagia | reddish brown up to 1 cm long |
| habitat of Ostertagia | abomasum |
| male of Ostertagia | short spicules terminate in two or three processes |
| pathogenesis of Ostertagia | reduction in the functional gastric gland mass which is responsible for production of highly acidic proteolytic gastric juice , no protein digestion = diarrhea |
| type 1 Ostertagia | in young calves watery diarrhea bright green in color |
| type 2 Ostertagia | in yearlings intermittent watery diarrhea |
| adult Nematodirus | whitish cervical/ cephalic vesicle cuticle has 14-18 longitudinal ridges |
| male of Nematodirus | spicules are long and fused together and terminate in small expansion |
| egg of Nematodirus | 100 nm brown and pointed at both ends 8 embryonic cells , no egg hatching |
| pathogensis of Nematodirus | damage villi so affect absorption |
| PM exam of Nematodirus | cotton wool appearance |
| final host of Strongyles | equine |
| habitat of Strongyles | large intestine |
| type of migration in Strongyles | histotropic migration |
| properties of Strongylus equines | oval buccal capsule |
| teeth of Stronglyus equines | 2 dorsal bi fid 1 sub-ventral tooth |
| migration of Strongylus equines | histotropic reaching liver |
| properties of Strongylus edentates | buccal capsule wider anteriorly than in the middle |
| teeth of Strongylus edentates | no teeth |
| migration of Strongylus edentates | histotropic reaching liver |
| length of Stronglyus equines | male is 2.5 - 3.5 cm female is 3.5-4.5 cm |
| length of Strongylus edentates | male is 2.5 - 3.5 cm female is 3.5-4.5 cm |
| properties of Strongylus vulgaris | oval buccal capsule |
| teeth of Strongylus vulgaris | 2 ear shaped teeth |
| length of Strongylus vulgaris | male 14-16 mm female 20-24 mm |
| migration of Strongylus vulgaris | histortropic migration to cranial mesenteric artery |
| life cycle of Strongylus vulgaris | L4 migrate to cranial mesentric artery then changes to L5 L5 moves to large intestine and creates nodules that rupture and L5 moves into intestinal mucosa and changes into adult |
| pathogenesis of Strongylus vulgaris | L5 causes endarteritis which causes thromoembolic infraction, hemorrhage, colic |
| what causes endarteritis | L5 of Strongylus vulgaris |
| nodules of Strongylus edentates | contain pus, purulent nodules formed in intestine L3 to L4 |
| pathogenesis of Strongylus edentates | anemia, colic, temporary lameness leave scar after healing can affect absorption of nutrients |
| final host of Chabertia ovina | small ruminants |
| habitat of Chabertia ovina | colon of sheep |
| adult worm of Chabertia ovina | bent ventrally due to presence of large buccal capsule/ bell shaped |
| pathogenesis of Chabertia ovina | ingests large amounts of tissue bloody diarrhea with mucous |
| Chabertia ovina known as | large mouth bowel worm |
| length of Chabertia ovina | 1.5 to 2 cm |
| final host of Osophagostomom | large ruminant |
| habitat of Osophagostomom | cecum and colon |
| adult worm of Osophagostomom | cervical alae or vesicle constricted with shallow annular groove around the middle |
| length of Osophagostomom | 1-2 cm |
| Amidostomum known as | gizzard worm |
| final host of Amidostomum | goslings, ducklings , young aquatic fowls |
| habitat of Amidostomum | under horny lining of gizzard in birds |
| life cycle of Amidostomum | L3 develop inside egg |
| final host of Anchylostoma caninum | dog |
| habitat of Anchylostoma caninum | small intestine |
| teeth of Anchylostoma caninum | 1 pair of ventrolateral, 4 pairs of marginal teeth |
| type of migration in Anchylostoma caninum | pulmonary migration |
| egg of Anchylostoma caninum | 4-8 embryonic cells 2 sides are barrel shaped transparent |
| infection occurs by in Anchylostoma caninum | skin penetration of L3 ingesting L3 ingesting paratenic host containing L3 trans mammary infection |
| signs of Anchylostoma caninum | bloody diarrhea with mucus loss of appetite and pica respiratory signs due to larval damage |
| final host of Bunostomum | ruminant |
| habitat of Bunostomum | small intestine |
| teeth of Bunostomum | 2 cutting plates on its margins |
| clincal signs of Bunotomum | in calves, skin penetration causes foot stamping and skin itching |
| final host of Dictyocaulus viviparous | ruminant |
| habitat of Dictyocaulus viviparous | bronchi and bronchioles |
| male of Dictyocaulus viviparous | spicules are boot shaped rays in bursa are fused together |
| female of Dictyocaulus viviparous | ovi-viviparous |
| egg of Dictyocaulus viviparous | contain L1 which is 8 shape |
| pre parasitic phase of Dictyocaulus viviparous | L3 migrate through lymph vessels to reach lymph nodes changes to L4 in lymph nodes and migrate to alveoli |
| parasitic phase of Dictyocaulus viviparous | L4 reach alveoli and causes inflammation |
| patent phase of Dictyocaulus viviparous | bronchitis caused by many adult worms which forms white mucous of alveoli |
| post patent phase of Dictyocaulus viviparous | worms are expelled out, also called recovery phase |
| type of migration in Dictyocaulus viviparous | lymphatic migration |
| Dictyocaulus viviparous known as | bovine lung worm |
| signs of mild Dictyocaulus viviparous | intermittent cough/ when exercising |
| signs of moderate Dictyocaulus viviparous | coughing frequently, tachypnea ( >60 breaths/min) |
| signs of severe Dictyocaulus viviparous | severe tachypnea, dyspnea, (>80 breaths/min) animal show air hunger position |
| control of Dictyocaulus viviparous | give young calves lung worm vaccine antihelmntic before grazing season |
| final host of protostrongylus and muellerus | sheep |
| habitat of protostrongylus and muellerus | bronchi and bronchioles |
| intermediate host of protostrongylus and muellerus | land snail |
| length of protostrongylus | 4.5cm - 6.5 cm |
| length of muellerus | 1-3 cm |
| shape and color of protostrongylus | slender more reddish |
| shape and color of muellerus | slender reddish/ grey reddish |
| infective stage of protostrongylus and muellerus | land snail containting L3 |
| pathogenesis of protostrongylus and muellerus | lobular pneumonia |
| final host of Metastrongylus | pig |
| habitat of Metastrongylus | bronchi and bronchioles |
| intermediate host of Metastrongylus | earth worm |
| shape and color of Metastrongylus | slender whitish |
| pathogenesis of Metastrongylus | small greyish nodules purulent nodules nasal dishcarge |
Created by:
salmamourad
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