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SN1 Nu-: ANYTHING w LONE PAIR -H20, ROH, become suitable Electrophile: GOOD LG -Cl, Br, I, Its, PLUS R-O-H2+ Solvent: Polar Protic -H20, MeOH, EtOH, CO2H Stereochem: LOST Attacks LG SR R-LG: 3>2>1
SN2 Nu-: GOOD Nu- -I-, RSH, RNH2, RO-, etc Electrophile: GOOD LG -Cl, Br, I, OT3, SOCL2, PBr3, etc SR R-LG: 1>2>>3 Solvent: Polar aprotic -DSMO, DMF, CH3CN, acetone Stereochem: INVERTS
E1 Bulky Base: Strong OR weak -often use M2SO4, H3PO4 Electrophile- coplanar H and LG on adjacent -BoH, LG and substitution Solvent: Polar protic Heat: REQUIRED 3>2>1
E2 base: STRONG: RO-, HO- Electrophile: good LG structure required Anti-coplanar H and LG on adjacent carbons Solvent: Dependant on base Heat: Often required 1>2>3
Polar Protic H bonding to LG - H2), MeOH, EtOH, CO2, H -hydrogen
Aprotic -DSMO, DMF, CH3CN, acetone -Py -Decrease H bond nucleoephility
Nucelohpile -Donate e-, makes bonds w e- poor -Solvent dependant -Strong bases 1) Anions-> Neutral 2) Res decrease 3) sigma increase 4) Bigger increase A Nucleophile Is A Reactant That Provides A Pair Of Electrons To Form A New Covalent Bond
LG -stable species -conj bases of strong acids - weak bases, halogen +O contains
Basicity -REMOVES H+ from acids
Ts: TsOH: - very weak base -very strong acid -pka=-2.1 - the OH maintained
what is pi-delocalization -explain w resonance
electrophile An Electrophile Is A Reactant That Accepts A Pair Of Electrons To Form A New Covalent Bond
what is a solvent Common examples of solvents include water, ethanol, methanol and acetone. Solvents are a heterogeneous group of structurally diverse chemicals that can be used to dilute, dissolve, or disperse other compounds.
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