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Reproductive System
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is haploid? | the number of individual types of chromosomes |
| What is diploid? | the total number of chromosomes |
| What is mitosis? | duplicating the cells |
| What is the male reproductive organ? | testicles |
| What are the testicles in? | the scrotum |
| What are the two jobs of the testicles? | produce sperm and testosterone |
| How does the testicles produce sperm? | through the seminiferous tubules |
| How does the testicles produce testosterone? | through the interstitial tube |
| What is the epididymus? | the coil tube behind the testicle |
| What does the epididymus do? | stores sperm |
| What is the cremaster muscle? | helps regulate the temperature of the scrotum |
| What are the glands related to the male reproductive system? | the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral |
| Which glands secrete semen? | the seminal vesicles and prostate gland |
| Which gland secrete a lubricant? | the bulbourethral gland |
| What is the function of the penis? | to deliver sperm into the vagina |
| What does the bulbus glandis do? | lock the male and female together |
| How is sperm formed? | it starts with the cell spermatogonium (2n) where daughter A cell keeps producing diploid daughter A and B cells, and daughter B cell produces 4 haploid sperm cells (n) |
| What is the process of sperm formation called? | spermatogenisis |
| What is the female reproductive organ? | the ovary |
| What are the 3 jobs of the ovaries? | produce eggs, estrogen, and progesterone |
| What is the function of the uterine (fallopian) tubes? | carry egg into the uterus |
| What does uniparous mean? | produce one offspring |
| What does multiparous mean? | produce multiple offspring |
| What does estrus mean? | the time a female is receptive to the male |
| What does polyestrus mean? | cycles throughout the year |
| What does seasonal polyestrus mean? | many cycles but only during spring and summer |
| What does diestrus mean? | two estrus cycles a year |
| What does monoestrus mean? | one estrus cycle a year |
| What does proestrus mean? | follicles begin to develop and estrogen level begins to rise |
| What does estrus mean? | it is the time of receptivity and the peak o estrogen levels, ovulation |
| What does metestrus mean? | it is after ovulationand the CL is developing |
| What does diestrus mean? | it is dominated by progesterone and waiting for a signal from embryo |
| What does anestrus mean? | period between the estrus cycles |
| What is the placenta? | the combination of the amnion, chorion, and allantois sac |
| What is the amnion sac? | a fluid that surrounds the baby |
| What is the chorion sac? | it exchanges gases |
| What is the allantois sac? | it collects waste |
| What is the chorioallantois? | the placenta, all 3 sacs fused together, "after birth" |
| What placentation do horses have? | diffuse |
| What placentation do ruminants have? | cotyledonary |
| What placentation do dog and cats have? | zonary |
| What placentation do primates have? | discoid |
| What is oogenesis? | production of the ovum/egg |
| Is the oogonium haploid or diploid? | diploid |
| What process does the oogonium go through? | meiosis |
| How many haploid cells are produced from oogonium? | 4 |
| What are polar bodies? | the discarded ovum |
| What is the follicle? | the case around the ovum/egg |
| What does the follicle produce? | estrogen |
| What happens when the follicle grows? | the estrogen levels will rise |
| What is the mature follicle? | a space filled with fluid between the follicle |
| What happens when the mature follicle breaks? | it flushes fluid and he cell away from the uterus; ovulation |
| What is the corpus luteum (CL)? | when ovulation occurs, it fills in where the egg broke |
| What does the corpus luteum prodeuce? | progesterone |
| What is the FSH? | the follicle stimulation hormone |
| What does the FSH do? | it is the development of the follicle and controls estrogen |
| What is LH? | ovulation - progesterone |
| What does progesterone do? | maintains pregnancy |
| What is the gestation period? | fertilization to birth |
| How are the pregnancy periods divided? | trimesters |
| What happens in the first trimester? | the embryo develops |
| What happens in the second trimester? | the fetus develops |
| What happens in the third trimester? | fetal growth |
| What is parturition? | giving birth |
| what happens with progesterone during parturition? | it drops, leading glucocorticoid and prostaglandin levels to rise |
| What happens with estrogen during parturition? | it rises causing oxytocin to release which stimulates smooth muscle contraction and labor starts |
| What happens in the first stage of parturition? | labor, uterine contractions |
| What happens in the second stage of parturition? | delivery of the fetus |
| What happens in the third stage of parturition? | delivery of the placenta |
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