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Document Analysis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do you call any document that has handwriting, a written mark, type, or any paper and ink with uncertain authenticity? | questioned document |
| What are some examples of questioned documents? | checks, ransom notes, contracts, wills, letters, currency, suicide notes, etc |
| What types of evidence would you classify as large sample of handwirting as? | circumstantial, individual, physical |
| What do you call a sample of a person's handwriting that can be used to determine authenticity? | an exemplar |
| What are the three jobs of a document analyst? | 1. Look for changes, obliterations, and erasures in a document 2. Analyze the paper and ink used 3. Figure out who wrote the document |
| What is the study of handwriting to determine a person's personality, and what is the significance of this for trials? | Graphology -- this is not accepted as evidence in court |
| What are some disadvantages of handwriting analysis? | 1. It can very subjective (opinion-based), esp. if done by inexperienced analyst 2. Small handwriting samples (questioned document and/or exemplar) make it hard to analyze 3. People may actively change their handwriting or outside factors may affect it |
| What is it called when a person actively tries to disguise their handwriting? | conscious writing effort |
| How can you minimize the effects of conscious writing effort when getting a handwriting sample? | 1. Don't let the suspect know their handwriting is being analyzed 2. Don't correct their spelling/grammar/punctuation 3. Don't show the suspect the questioned document |
| What are some factors that affect a person's handwriting? | Type of writing utensil, age (old --> illness, young --> no unique writing style yet), injury, dominant or non-dominant hand, under the influence, mood or fatigued (rushed, nervous, tired, etc) |
| What technology can reveal if more than one ink type was used? | Infrared spectroscope or video spectral comparator |
| What technology can collect data on speed, pressure, and rhythm of a signature? | biometric signature pad |
| How many handwriting characteristics must be used for the analysis to be accepted in court? | 12 |
| What does the handwriting characteristic "line quality" refer to? | If the letters flow smoothly or if they are shaky and erratic |
| What does the handwriting characteristic "line habits" refer to? | If the writing is on, below, or above the line |
| What is forgery? | the making, altering, or falsifying of personal documents or other objects with the intention of deception (this last part is important!) |
| What is fraud? | attempting to get financial or other gain from forgery (i.e. check forgery or counterfeiting currency) |
| What is a watermark? | An identifying mark on a paper made by the paper having different thickness or density, so that when light shines though the mark can be seen |
| What are some ways banks try to protect against check forgery? | Special design elements -- high resolution borders, multiple color patterns, hard-to-replicate details Special paper -- embedded fibers that glow under certain light, paper that reacts to certain chemicals, etc |
| How long can someone go to jail for counterfeiting currency? | Up to 15 years |
| What are methods in place to prevent counterfeiting currency? | --Design features that make printing difficult --Special paper --Ongoing changes to the design of paper money |
| What agency is in charge of investigating counterfeit currency? | the US Secret Service |
| What is FISH, and who maintains it? | the Forensic Identification System for Handwriting, maintained by the US Secret Service |
| What is the most commonly counterfeited bill in the US? | $20 bill |
| What about the paper used for US money allows for the use of "pens" to check for counterfeit money? | US money paper does NOT have starch, but most all other paper does -- the pen reacts with starch to leave a dark residue, so if the dark residue is seen, you know the bill is fake |
Created by:
Tdavenport
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