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Senses
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are senses? | extensions of the nervous system that allow the animal to monitor its internal and external environment |
| Where are the general senses? | they are distributed throughout the body |
| What are the general senses receptors? | they are simple structures |
| How does the CNS play a role in general senses? | they keep the CNS informed of general conditions inside and outside the body |
| What are the general senses? | visceral sensations, touch, temperature, pain, proprioception |
| What are the special senses? | taste, smell, vision, hearing, equilibrium |
| How important is touch to an animal? | it is a major component of communication |
| How important is taste? | taste isn't important |
| Why isn't taste an important sense in animals? | it is 1700 taste buds compared to humans who have 9000 |
| How important is smell? | very important |
| How do animal smells work? | the olfactory cells are dissolved in the nostrils |
| Is taste a chemical or mechanical sense? | chemical |
| Is smell a chemical or mechanical sense? | chemical |
| Is vision a chemical or mechanical sense? | neither, it relies on photoreception |
| Is hearing a chemical or mechanical sense? | mechanical |
| Is equilibrium a chemical or mechanical sense? | mechanical |
| How is taste in humans? | sweet - energy, sour - organic acids, salt - electrolytes, bitter - protective, savory - protein |
| How much better is smell in dogs compared to humans? | 1000x |
| How is hearing in dogs? | 2x better than in humans, can detect a higher pitch |
| How do dogs hear better? | they have mobile ears to isolate sound and have more grey matter |
| What is the pinna? | the outer part of the ear that catch sound and is mobile |
| What does the middle ear do? | magnify vibrations |
| What are the parts of the middle ear? | malleus, incus, stapes |
| What is the cochlea? | it is responsible for hearing |
| What is the vestible? | static equilibrium |
| What is the semicircular canals? | dynamic equilibrium |
| How does pitch (wave length) work? | each hair in the cochlea is responsible for a different pitch, so when that pitch is hit, the hair bends |
| How does loudness (amplitude) work? | amplitude depends on how much the hair is bent. The more it is bent the louder it'll be |
| How do animals hearing compared to humans? | it is more sensitive in animals |
| What is equilibrium? | the animal's ability to know the location of their head in space |
| What is static equilibrium? | the position of the head at rest |
| Where is static equilibrium in the ear? | the vestibule with the receptor macula |
| What is dynamic euilibrium? | the position of the head in motion |
| Where is dynamic equilibrium in the ear? | semicircular canals by the receptor crista |
| What are photoreceptors? | light |
| Do rods have low or bright light? | low light |
| Do cones have low or bright light? | bright light |
| What colors do rods see in? | black and white |
| What colors do cones see in? | depends on animal (red, blue, green) |
| Do rods rebuild slowly or quickly? | slowly |
| Do cones rebuild slowly or quickly? | quickly |
| What happens to rods in light? | they break |
| How are rods and cones in animals eyes? | more rods in the center and cones around that |
| How is vision in humans compared to animals? | they can see better but not great color vision |
| What is the tapetum lucidum? | increases the ability to see in the dark |
| What is binocular vision? | the ability to see directly in front of you - depth perception |
| What is monocular vision? | the ability to see on their sides, not great depth perception |
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