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VET 150 Week 7
Drugs used in Hormonal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hormones that are administered to an animal are called _____ hormones | exogenous |
| Hormones that are produced naturally in the body are called ______ hormones | endogenous |
| Endocrine system | Composed of organs (glands) or groups of cells that secrete regulatory substances (hormones) directly into the bloodstream |
| Endocrine system and the _____ system are linked together through the complex integrating action of the hypothalamus. | nervous |
| Pituitary gland | "Master gland" of the endocrine system Divided into two main lobes: Anterior lobe & Posterior lobe |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland | Hypothalamus controls this gland by releasing hormones (factors) down on the hypophyseal portal system which causes secretion of trophic hormones into circulation |
| Trophic hormones | AKA indirect-acting hormones stimulate target organ to produce a second hormone, second hormone influences second target organ or tissue |
| Hormone production is influenced by ______ feedback mechanism | negative |
| Posterior Pituitary Gland | Releases vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin |
| Hormone release in the posterior pituitary gland is influenced by ______ reflex. | neurohormonal |
| Thyroid gland | Synthesizes T3 and T4 |
| __ is the storage form of drug in circulation | T4 |
| __ is the active form at the cellular level | T3 |
| Goiter | condition caused by inadequate levels of iodide in the diet |
| Hypothyroidism | Underproduction of thyroid hormones |
| Levothyroxine | Synthetic T4 |
| Liothyronine | Synthetic T3 |
| ___ are more likely to be hypothyroid. | Dogs |
| Thyrotropin Alpha | Recumbent TSH Aids in diagnosing hypothyroidism |
| Methimazole | Used to treat hyperthyroidism Interferes with incorporation of iodine into the precursor molecules of T3 & T4 |
| Radioactive Iodine | Radioactive isotope of iodine (I-131) Concentrates in the thyroid where it remains and destroys the thyroid tissue |
| ____ are more likely to by hyperthyroid. | Middle aged cats |
| Hyperadrenocorticism | Excess of circulating glucocorticoids, especially cortisol AKA Cushing's disease |
| Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) | Benign tumor of the pituitary gland causes production of large amounts of ACTH |
| Adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH) | Tumor of one or both adrenal glands |
| Mitotane | Adrenal cytotoxic agent Inhibits or destroys cortisol-producing layers of adrenal gland |
| Trilostane | Inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis Treats adrenal tumors in dogs |
| Ketaconazole | Antifungal agent Can be used in the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism if other agents are not effective |
| Equine hyperadrenocorticism | Disease of older horses resulting from pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) |
| Pergolide | Treatment for Equine hyperadrenocorticism |
| Hypoadrenocorticism | Lack of circulating mineralocorticoid AKA Addison's disease |
| Deoxycorticosterone Pivalate (DOCP) | Long-acting mineralocorticoid agent Needs to be injected monthly Used to treat Addison's disease |
| Prednisone | Synthetic glucocorticoid Replaces cortisol |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Pancreatic beta cells cannot produce enough insulin Affects both dogs and cats |
| Type I diabetes mellitus | Inadequate secretion of insulin |
| Type II diabetes mellitus | Resistance of tissue to the action of insulin AKA Non-insulin dependent |
| Untreated diabetes mellitus proceeds to the condition called ______ | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Short-Acting insulin | AKA Regular Only used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis Humulin R, Novolin R, Humalog |
| Intermediate-Acting Insulin | NPH insulin Treats uncomplicated diabetes mellitus Humulin N, Novolin N, Vetsulin, ProZinc |
| Long-Acting Insulin | Treats uncomplicated diabetes mellitus Lantus, Humulin L, Humulin U, Iletin II regular pork insulin, Iletin II NPH pork insulin. |
| Insulin should not be shaken except ____ | Vetsulin |
| Effectiveness of control of the estrous cycle depends on the ____ of the cycle the female is in. | stage |
| Follicular Phase | "Beginning" of the cycle Hormones produced by the ovarian follicle predominate Includes proestrus and estrus Estrogen prepares animal to become inseminated |
| Luteal Phase | Hormones produced by the corpus lutem predominate Includes metestrus or diestrus Progesterone sustains pregnancy |
| Gonadorelins | Lyse persistent ovarian follicles or follicular cysts through the release of LH Timed artificial insemination protocols |
| Gonadotropins | Drugs with FSH-like or LH-like activity means "Affinity for the gonads" |
| Estrogens | Synthesized by the ovaries Cause secondary female characteristics Inhibit ovulation Responsible for female sex drive Should NOT be given during pregnancy |
| Androgens | Male sex hormones produced in the testicles Necessary for growth and development of the male sex organs Cause secondary male sex characteristics |
| Mibolerone | Androgen used for prevention of estrus in dogs Treats pseudocyesis Should NOT be used in cats |
| Progestins | Drugs with similar activity to progesterone Suppress estrus False pregnancy |
| Megestrol Acetate | Synthetic progestin labeled for use in dogs Used to control estrus, treat false pregnancy, prevent vaginal hyperplasia |
| Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) | Treatment of behavioral problems such as aggression, roaming, spraying, or mounting in males Treatments of certain dermatologic conditions Suppress estrus in dogs and cats |
| Progestins | Antagonize insulin receptors Have some estrogen effect so pregnant women and women using estrogen contraception should not handle these products |
| Prostaglandins | Can be recognized by -prost in name Only effective during luteal phase Causes lysis of corpus luteum Pregnant women and asthmatic individuals should handle with extreme caution |
| Dinoprost | Salt of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2 alpha Effective only in animals with a corpus luteum |
| Cloprostenol | Analogue of PGF2a for use in cattle |
| Oxytocin | Polypeptide made in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary |
| Corticosteroids | Used primarily for anti-inflammatory effect but can induce parturition in the last trimester of pregnancy |
| Prostaglandins | Stimulate uterine smooth muscle and can be used to induce parturition or abortion |
| Ergot | Fungus that grows on rye grass Causes smooth muscle contraction and can cause intense vasoconstriction |
| Anabolic steroids | Cause positive nitrogen balance and reverse processes that break down tissue |
| Stanozolol | Anabolic effect far outweighs weak androgenic influence |
| Boldenone | Steroid ester Marked anabolic activity with minimal androgenic activity Aids in the treatment of debilitated horses |
| SOA/Sex Odor Aerosol | First commercially available pheromone Used for heat detection in sows and gilts |
| Feliway | Analogue of feline facial pheromone Stops/prevents urinary marking Comforts cats while they are in unknown environments |
| Dog-Appeasing Pheromone (DAP) | Mimics appeasement pheromones which female dogs secrete to comfort and reassure their nursing puppies Used to calm dogs during stressful situations |
Created by:
Acraft02
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