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History Exam #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geography in Greece | Mountainous - protected and isolated cities - abundant water and harbors making them great sailors with almost no fertile land |
| Mionans | Lived on Crete |
| Minoans Frescoes | Showed scenes of their life and religion - ones of women out numbered the ones of men |
| Minoan Colums | Were tapered with patterns like the egg and dot on top |
| Minoan Religion | Had many sculptures of a woman with snakes and a cat on her head |
| Fall of the Minoans | Greek invaded Creete |
| Myceneans | Set up kingdoms on the Greek Peninsula around hilltop fortresses and used Minoan customs |
| Agamemnon | King of Mycenae and leader of the Greek army in the Trojan War of Homer's Illiad |
| What started the Trojan War? | Paris (Trojan Prince) took Helen (Queen of Sparta) away when he visited Menalaus (King of Sparta) |
| How was the Trojan War told? | Was told as a myth but Hommor's writing proved parts of it to be true |
| Phoenicians | Were the first with a phonetic alphabet - were shipbuilder and sailors - lived in Carthage |
| Government in Greece | Each different "city" had its own ruling system |
| Monarchies | Hereditary rule by one |
| Oligarchy | Rule by a few |
| Aristocracy | Rule by a small elite group |
| Tyranny | Cruel and oppressive government rule |
| Democracy | Rule by a people of a popular government - Developed in Athens first |
| Cleisthenes | Athenian who wanted to overthrow the aristachracy and formed athenian democracy |
| Direct Democracy | People voted to make their own rules and laws |
| Athenian Government | made up of the assembly and the boule |
| Athenian Assembly | The group of people who passed laws and made taxes |
| Athenian Boule | 500 members who decided what to bring to the assembly |
| Pericles | Ruler of Athens who made democracies for all adult males to have an equal vote - re-built Athens after the Persian War |
| Doric Columns | Massive, plain, unadorned column |
| Ionic Columns | Slender with large paired spiral scrolls |
| Corinthian Columns | Elaborate, carved capital columns |
| Golden Age | Had long lasting contributions to the western culture |
| Entasis | the swelling of columns towards the bottom |
| Socratic method | Socrate's teaching method where you're asked questions until you make your own conclusion |
| Sophets | "workers of wisdom" profesional teachers who traveled through Greek city-states |
| Socrate's Life | Was put on trail for corrupting the youth because he helped them start questioning everything. Was told to either leave Athens of be put to death, he chose to drink poisoned Hemlock. |
| Plato's Allegory of the Cave | Story about reality and our perspective on it. In the story, people were shackled in a cave watching shadows move but were then realesed to the real world and preffered the cave. |
| Zoroastrim | Persian monotheistic religion based on Zoroaster - popular with the Roman military |
| Why did the Persian War start? | Athenians were living in the Colony of Ionia and the Persians started asking them to pay taxes, they refused |
| Battle One of the Persian War | Ionian's revolt, Athenians fight back and win so Persia burns the city |
| Battle of Marathon in the Persian War | Battle two of the Persian War, Darius decides to invade Greece mainland and take it over |
| Battle of Thermoplyae in the Persian War | Battle three of the Persian War, Xerces (Darius's son) decides to invade Greece again but when the Persian's get there, Athenians and Spartans fight together in a narrow pass to slow the Persian's down enough so the Athenians can escape |
| Battle at Salamis Strait in the Persian War | Battle four of the Persian War, Greeks, lead by Athenians have a naval battle where the Greek boats were faster. They lured the Persian ships into a narrow pass so they could not manover and then rammed into them |
| Battle of Plataea in the Persian War | Battle 5 of the Persian War, Xerces retreats to Aisia Minor, but Greek's continue their allience, Xerces attacks in the Spring but the Greeks win |
| Peloponnesian war | Sparta and Athens both wanted to claim the victory over Persia and city-states began to chose sides as they both fought over the money in the Delian League leaving them vulnerable |
| Macedonia and Greece | Phillip the ll takes over Greece while they're fighting with each other and sends troops to Persia before he dies |
| Spread of Greek Culture | As Alexander the Great conquers other places he takes Greek culture with him - spreading it |
| Alexander the Great | Takes over Greece then Persia, Syria, Egypt and reaches India before his troops give out |
| Hellenistic Culture Defenition | The blending of cultures in the east and west |
| Hellenic | People were mostly Greek, women stayed at home and most people were staying in the polis, "the perfect man" |
| Hellenistic | Multi-cultural, people traveled and lived in different places within the empire, women were given a larger role in society, "the real man" |
| The Etruscans | Lived in Italy before Romans and contributed to Roman culture. They were rules by kings causing Roman's to rebel, declare their own independince, and use their own ruling system |
| Legend of Rome's Funding | Twin brothers were raised by a wolf, Romolus then killed Remus and founded Rome |
| Rome's Geography | Were 17 miles inland which made it hard to be attacked from the sea - had fewer mountains and a less rigged land than Greece with fertile land |
| Patricians in Rome | Wealthy landowners that help the most power |
| Plebians in Rome | Common farmers, artisans, merchants - made up majority of the population |
| Freemen in Rome | Released slaves, freed by owners and had little rights - became craftsmen and traders |
| Slaves in Rome | Treated harshly - did private house work |
| Republic | A form of government where people have a voice |
| Roman Senate | Group of 300 men who controlled all areas of public life |
| Roman Consults | Group of 2 people who managed the army and affairs of the government. One consul could become a dictator for 6 months is needed during a war |
| Roman Praetors | Group of 8 people who were judges and administered Roman law. They could become governers of provinces |
| The 12 Tablets | Codification of the Roman laws - all free citizens had a right to be protected by the law |
| Roman Legions | Group of 600 male citizens who owned land and were required to work in law |
| Payment for Roman Legions | Land - they were paid in the land that they conquered |
| First War in the Punic Wars | Rome vs Carthage - They were competing for trade and control. Carthage had a strong navy so Rome built their own to fight them |
| Second Punic War | Hannibal (general from Carthage) attacked Rome by land where Rome refused to fight. Hannibal and his troops roomed around the outskirts causing chaos while Rome approached Carthage |
| Third Punic War | After 50 years of peace, Rome attacked and burned Carthage enslaving their people and placing them in control of all the mediteranean |
| Problems in Rome | The gap between the poor and the rich widened with the poor revolting |
| First Triumarate in Rome | Consisted of Caesar, Crasus and Pompey. Crauss was killed while Ceasar was at war and Pompey began to think that since Ceasar was loved more he would take over consul so he ordered Ceasar to come back. He refused which lead to a civil war - Pompey lost |
| Julius Caesar | Became dictator for life, helped the poor gain jobs while expanding teretories - was asassinated by the senate |
| Second Triumarate in Rome | Consisted of Marc Antony, Octavian and Lepidus. Eventually, they all turn on each other and Octavian ends up on top - becomes first emperor and names himself Caesar Augusts |
| Bucephalus horse | was said that he could not be tamed. Alexander the Great tamed him and went on to ride the horse in later battles |
| Religion in Rome | Incorporated gods of many cultures - showed loyalty by honoring Roman gods AND the emperor |
| Jews in Rome | There were multiple groups of them - some followed Jesus becoming Christians while others do not believe he came, they stayed Jews |
| Christians in Rome | Wouldn't bow down to the emperor which lead to their persecution |
| Constantinople | was the first emperor to convert to Christianity put in place the Edict of Milan |
| Edict of Milan | Put in place by Constantinople - gave freedom of religion and worship to the Romans |
| Edict of Thessalonica | Put in place by Theodosius - made christianity the sate religion of the Roman Empire |
| Decline of the Roman Empire | takes are raised on farmers and power gets taken by short-lived emperors along with many foreign invasions |
| Diocletion | Roman emperor who divided Rome into East and West - kept people from entering the city for jobs |
| Invasions into the Roman Empire | Northern Germanic tribes began to terrorize Rome as they were being pushed from the east by the Huns |
| Visigots | Tribe that sacked and rebelled against the Roman Empire the first time |
| Vandals | Tribe that sacked the Roman empire the second time |
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