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1st part of Welfare
Science, definitions, learning theory.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Habituation | Animals stops reacting to stimulus after repeated exposure |
| Sensitisation | increase in response following repeated exposure to stimulus |
| Desensitisation | decrease of previously sensitised response following repeated exposure to the stimulus |
| Associative Learning examples: | Classic Conditioning and Operant Conditioning |
| Classic Conditioning | a learned association between a previously neutral stimulus and a previously meaningful stimulus (produces a conditioned response) |
| Operant Conditioning | learned association between that behaviour and meaningful consequence for the animal (reinforcer follow behaviour) |
| Continual Reinforcement | EVERY occurrence of the behaviour is paired with a reinforcer |
| Partial reinforcement | only SOME of the occurrences of the behaviour are paired with the reinforcer |
| Differential Reinforcement | different valued treats/reinforcers |
| Sentient | ability to feel perceive or experience subjectively... like joy, aversive states (pain and fear). |
| Extinction | once pairing has occurred the response can be extinguished if behaviour is preformed without the reinforcer/punisher |
| Animal Welfare | a state within an animal (affect state) |
| Welfare Science | understanding animals and their capacity for experiences |
| Animal Ethics | how to apply knowledge gained by science |
| Animal policy & law | animal welfare legislation/policies tell us what the general consensus is for our relationships with animals |
| 5 freedoms... | hunger & thirst, discomfort, pain & injury & disease, express normal behaviour, fear & distress. |
| 3 Orientations | Biological function, natural living, affective state |
| Abnormal repetitive behaviour (ARB) | Repetitive behaviour induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope and/or central nervous system dysfunction |
| Pain et al. | tendency to focus on pain and lump other negative experiences together |
| Captive environments | highly predictable, structured and barren. |
| Environmental enrichment | provision and utilisation of opportunities to engage in species-specific desirable/rewarding behaviours |
| Sociozoological scale | hierarchy of animals "a moral 'order' of animals" |
| Contractarianism | only considers Human self-interest |
| Utilitarianism | all sentient being are stakeholders |
| Respect of nature | species, genetic integrity, ecosystems, other collective entities matter |
| Kantian Ethics | based on principles = animal rights. moral principles define actions as right or wrong regardless of outcome. |
| Virtue ethics | ethical mindset influences the decision making process |
| Principalism | Be fair & respect autonomy of animals and owners |
| Reduction | minimum number of animals used to gain good results |
| Replacement | an alternative to animal testing must be used when possible |
| Refinement | animals should not suffer |
| Training | intentional provision of an experience. BUT animals are learning all the time, even if its unintentional on our behalf |
| behaviour | an action, or pattern of actions, which results from interactions between genes, the environment and experience. |
| Learning | the process by which we acquire new knowledge through experience, and memory is the process by which we retain that knowledge over time |
| Stimuli | Anything that is coming to the animal from the environment to the animal that can occur through any of the sensory elements (smell, hear, taste etc.) |
| Imprinting | relatively permanent, rapid, learning during a particular sensitive period |
| Punishment | an aversive event that decreases the behaviour that it follows |
| Discrimination | Allows for distinctions between stimuli that differs in particular feature |
| Generalisation | A response to shared features within a range of stimuli |
| factors affecting learning | Motivational State, Environment, Age |
| Motivation | "A state in which we are aroused and our behaviour is goal directed" |
| Natural Living | 'natural' environment & behaviour |
| Biological Function | health/functional status |
| Affective State | subjective experience |
| Exercising agency (or... choice) | Animals engage in voluntary, self-generated and goal - directed behaviour. |
| Welfare indicators | Observable or measurable variables the provide info on welfare status (affective state). animal-based or non-animal based |
| Promoting Positive Welfare | No/low level negative experience and the animal must have positive experiences |
| protection | eliminating/minimizing negative experiences |
| Enhancement | promoting positive experiences |
| Criteria for humane death | ending the life of an individual animal in a way that minimises or eliminates pain and distress. |
| Humane death methods must include either... | instantaneous death, immediate loss of consciousness, rapid loss of consciousness followed by death. |
| Depopulation | the rapid destruction of a population of animals in response to urgent circumstances with as much consideration given to the welfare of the animals as practicable. |
| Animal welfare Act | prevention of ill treatment and inadequate care of animals. meeting an animals physical, health and behavioural needs. |
| Ethology | Study of animal behaviour (science) |
| Shaping/Luring | Using a behaviour that occurs by chance then rewarding it and any close approximation to desired behaviour. |
| Chaining | The behaviours are in a sequence = each cues the next behaviour. reinforce each part of the chain, but end goal is the full cycle of events. |
| Stockmanship | Knowledgeable and skilful handling of livestock in a safe, efficient, effective and low stress manner. (best suited is a confident introvert) |
| Personship | Quality of care or management of animals as performed by owner or caretaker |
| Chronic Fear | Caused by humans that are not calm/inconsistent/have irregular interactions/abuse |
| Pig Characteristics | Intelligent, CURIOUS, nimble, fast, low centre of gravity, poor depth perception, great sense of smell. NO ALLOGROOMING |
Created by:
savsami
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