Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
DC Antibiotics
Pharmacology Antimicrobials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aminoglycoside Drugs | Amikacin, Apramycin, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Dihydrostreptomycin |
| Aminoglycoside Spectrum | Gram negative aerobes |
| Aminoglycoside MOA | Bacteriocidal - Blocks protein synthesis at 30S |
| Aminoglycoside Regulation | No extralabel use in cattle, No gentamicin in food horses, No neomycin in veal calves |
| Aminoglycoside Distribution | Does not cross barrier membranes, Accumulates in renal cortex and inner ear |
| Aminoglycoside Metabolism | none |
| Aminoglycoside Excretion | unchanged in urine |
| Aminoglycoside ADE | Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Occ. muscular blockade |
| Beta Lactams | Penicillins, Aminopenicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbepenems |
| Penicillins Spectrum | Everything |
| Penicillin Regulations | Illegal in food horses & egg producing turkeys, may be found in violation w/racing dogs or horses |
| Penicillin MOA | Bacteriocidal - inhibits transpeptidase during cell wall synthesis |
| Penicillins Excretion | Active tubular secretion, slower in neonates |
| Penicillins ADE | Anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, serum sickness, IHA in horses |
| Penicillins Distribution | Goes into milk, crosses placenta |
| Aminopenicillin Drugs | Amoxicillin, Ampicillin |
| Aminopenicillin Spectrum | Everything + spirochetes |
| Aminopenicillin MOA | Bacteriocidal - inhibits bacterial wall synthesis via transpeptidase |
| Aminopenicillin Distribution | Rapidly to most body fluids except eye, CSF, prostate fluids |
| Aminopenicillin Excretion | Unchanged in urine. 10-25% of amoxicillin is excreted as penicilloic acid |
| Aminopenicillin ADE | Diarrhea and malabsorption (calves) |
| Cephalosporin Group 1 Drugs | 1st Generation, parenteral: Cefazolin, Cephalothin, Cephapirin |
| Cephalosporin Group 2 Drugs | 1st Generation, oral: Cefadroxil, Cephalexin |
| Cephalosporin Group 3 Drugs | 2nd generation, both: Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime, Cefotetan |
| Cephalosporin Group 4 Drugs | 3rd generation, parenteral: Cefotaxime, Ceftiofur, Ceftiaxone, Ceftizoxime, Cefovecin |
| Cephalosporin Group 5 Drugs | 3rd generation, oral: Cefixime, Cefpodoxime |
| Cephalosporin Group 6 Drugs | 3rd generation, parenteral: Ceftazidime |
| Cephalosporin Group 7 Drugs | 4th generation: Cefquinome, Cefepime |
| Cephalosporin Group 1 Spectrum | Gram + only |
| Cephalosporin Group 2 Spectrum | Gram + only |
| Cephalosporin Group 3 Spectrum | Gram +, Gram - anaerobes, Enterobacter |
| Cephalosporin Group 4 Spectrum | Everything except Staph aureus |
| Cephalosporin Group 5 Spectrum | Everything except Staph aureus or Pseudomonas |
| Cephalosporin Group 6 Spectrum | Pseudomonas |
| Cephalosporin Group 7 Spectrum | Pseudomonas |
| Cephalosporin MOA | Bacteriocidal - inhibition of cell wall synthesis via transpeptidase |
| Cephalosporin Distribution | Most fluids (no barriers except 3rd gen), found in bile |
| Cephalosporin Metabolism | Liver |
| Cephalosporin Excretion | Renal tubular secretion |
| Cephalosporin ADE | Distrurbs normal GI flora of rabbites and horses, Crosses placenta, in milk, anemia |
| Carbepenems (Penicillin) Drugs | Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Faropenem, Doripenem |
| Carbepenem Spectrum | Everything |
| Carbepenem MOA | Bacteriocidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| Carbepenem Distribution | Most body fluids including placenta and milk, not CSF |
| Carbepenem Excretion | Both renal and non-renal |
| Carbepenem ADE | GI effects, renal dz, CNS toxicity, phlebitis if too rapid IV injection |
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Clavamox) Spectrum | Everything except Pseudomonas |
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanate MOA | Amoxi: inhibits transpeptidase and cell wall / Clavulanate: binds irreversibly to beta lactamase to inactivate |
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Excretion | Mostly unchanged in urine |
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanate ADE | Disturbs GI flora or rabbits & horses, in milk, GI effects in dogs/cats |
| Chloramphenicol Spectrum | Everything |
| Chloramphenicol Regulation | Illegal in food animals |
| Chloramphenicol MOA | BacterioSTATIC - binds to 30S subunit blocking protein synthesis |
| Chloramphenicol Distribution | Diffuses into all body tissues incl. milk, highest in liver and kidneys |
| Chloramphenicol Metabolism | Rapidly metabolized in liver by glucuronic acid |
| Chloramphenicol Excretion | Most as inactive metabolite in kidneys |
| Chloramphenicol ADE | Dyscasias in cats, inhibits P450, anorexia, myelosuppresion, aplastic anemia in humans |
| Florfenicol Spectrum | G+ aerobes, G- resp/fastidious pathogens |
| Florfenicol Regulation | not labeled for dairy or veal, withdrawal times for catfish and cattle |
| Florfenicol MOA | BacterioSTATIC - binds to 30S to inhibit protein synthesis |
| Florfenicol Metabolism | Liver, florfenicol amine is longest lived metabolite in liver |
| Florfenicol Excretion | some in urine and bile as both unchanged and metabolites |
| Florfenicol ADE | high in goat milk, diarrhea in horses, anal problems in pigs, decr. eating in cattle |
| Fluroquinolone Drugs | Enrofloxacin, Difloxacin, Orbifloxacin, Marbofloxacin |
| Fluroquinolone Spectrum | All gram+ & mycoplasma |
| Fluroquinolone Regulations | Illegal in food animals |
| Fluroquinolone MOA | Bacteriocidal - inhibits topoisomerase |
| Fluroquinolone Distribution | Almost everywhere (except CNS and eye) |
| Fluroquinolone Metabolism | Liver, enrofloxacin -> ciprofloxacin |
| Fluroquinolone Excretion | Urine except difloxacin through bile |
| Fluroquinolone ADE | Retinal degeneration in cats, present in milk, arthropathies in young animals, oral ulcers in horses |
| Lincosamide Drugs | Clindamycin, Lincomycin |
| Lincosamide Spectrum | All anaerobes |
| Lincosamide Regulations | Not labeled for chickens for eggs |
| Lincosamide MOA | BacterioSTATIC - inhibit protein synthesis via 50S unit |
| Lincosamide Distribution | Highly lipid soluble so may be higher in tissues |
| Lincosamide Metabolism | Liver except clindamycin (urine) |
| Lincosamide Excretion | Mostly in urine and bile. Small amounts in pancreatic and prostate fluids |
| Lincosamide ADE | Found in milk, Enterocolitis in pocket pets/horses, GI effects in dogs/cats |
| Macrolide Drugs | Tulathromycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin |
| Macrolide Spectrum | Everything incl. Spirochetes (except Pseudomonas, Enterobacter) |
| Macrolide MOA | BacterioSTATIC - inhibit protein synthesis via 50S subunit |
| Macrolide Distribution | Highly lipid soluble so may be higher in tissues, crosses placenta |
| Macrolide Metabolism | Liver |
| Macrolide ADE | GI effects in dogs/cats, found in milk |
| Metronidazole (Nitroimidazole) Spectrum | All anaerobes and antiprozoals |
| Metronidazole Regulations | Illegal in food animals |
| Metronidazole MOA | Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis |
| Metronidazole Distribution | Horses: peak in peritoneal, synovial, CSF |
| Metronidazole Metabolism | Liver |
| Metronidazole ADE | CNS signs in cats/dogs/horses |
| Potentiated Sulfonamide Drugs | Trimethoprim, Ormethoprim, Primethamine, Ormetoprim |
| Potentiated Sulfonamide Spectrum | Everything except Pseudomonas |
| Potentiated Sulfonamide MOA | BacterioSTATIC - deprive cells of essential nucleic acids and proteins |
| Potentiated Sulfonamide Metabolism | Liver mostly, but some other tissues |
| Potentiated Sulfonamide Excretion | Urine - Glomerular filtration of parent drug and tubular excretion of metabolites |
| Potentiated Sulfonamide ADE | Blood dyscrasia, myelosuppression, Crystallization in urinary tract, teratogen, thyroid hyperplasia in pigs |
| Sulfonamide Drugs | Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, slfathiazole, sulfanilamide, sulfachlorapyridazine |
| Sulfonamide Spectrum | All aerobes except Pseudomonas |
| Sulfonamide Regulations | No extra label use in dairy cattle |
| Sulfonamide MOA | BacterioSTATIC - interferes with folic acid synthesis, compete with PABA |
| Sulfonamide Distribution | Crosses placenta and BBB |
| Sulfonamide Metabolism | Liver, some in tissues or liver |
| Sulfonamide Excretion | Urine |
| Sulfonamide ADE | Teratogen, Crystallization in Urinary tract, homrrhagic syndrome in chickens/dogs, cutaneous drug eruption in dogs |
| Tetracycline Drugs | Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Tetracycline |
| Tetracycline Spectrum | Everything (incl. spirochetes and tetracyclines) except Pseudomonas |
| Tetracycline MOA | BacterioSTATIC - inhibits protein synthesis via 50S subunit |
| Tetracycline Distribution | Lipid soluble so high in tissues, Doxy is most soluble |
| Tetracycline Metabolism | Not biotransformed much before elimination |
| Tetracycline Excretion | Most by renal, Doxy goes into intestines where it's inactive |
| Tetracycline ADE | Young will have slower renal excretion, Nephrotoxicity, CV dysfunction, tooth discoloration |
| Dihydropyrimidine/Trimethoprim MOA | Inhibit folic acid synthesis |
| Glycopeptide Drugs | Vancomycin |
| Glycopeptide Spectrum | Gram+ only |
| Glycopeptide Regulations | Should not be used in multiresistant infections or extra label in food animals |
| Glycopeptide MOA | Bacteriocidal - Inhibits cell wall synthesis and bacterial cell membrane permeability |
| Glycopeptide Distribution | Widely distributed into all fluids except CSF |
| Glycopeptide Excretion | Primarily renal, some in bile |
| Glycopeptide ADE | Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
| Function of Clavulanic acid | Bind Beta lactamase to improve drug activity against some organisms |
| Illegal Drugs in Food Animals | Chloramphenicols, Clenbuterol, DES, Dimetridazole, Ipronidazole, Metronidazole, Furazolidone, Nitrofurazone, Sulfonamides in lactating cows, Flurquinolones, Glycopeptides, Phenylbutazone in dairy cattle |
| Susceptibility and Resistance | concentration of drug required to inhibit growth of an isolate as it relates to the likihood of clinical success |
| Susceptibility testing methods | Disk diffusion, micro/macrobroth dilution, E test |
| Rifampin spectrum | Rodococcus equi (not specifically approved for animals) |
| Spectinomycin spectrum | All aerobes and mycoplasma |
| Spectinomycin MOA | BacterioSTATIC - 30S subunit without toxic effects of aminoglycosides |
| Drugs that treat mycoplasma | Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Fluroquinolones |
| Drugs that affect DNA/RNA synthesis | Sulfonamides, Diaminopyrimidines, Fluroquinolones |
| Drugs affecting protein synthesis | Macrolides, Lincosamides, Tetracyclines, Fenicols, Aminoglycosides |
| Drugs affecting cell wall integrity | Beta lactams: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin |
Created by:
ferretinmyshoes
Popular Veterinary sets