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ANSC 107 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prevention of disease | Proper sanitation and vaccination |
| USDA grades | Voluntary |
| Large feeder cattle grade | Steers >1250 Heifers >1150 |
| Small feeder cattle grade | Steers <1100 Heifers <1000 |
| Dressing percent | carcass weight/live weight x 100 |
| Beef yield grading | estimate of the yield of boneless, closely-trimmed retail cuts from the round, loin, rib, and chuck. What we eat - tells leaness |
| Factors evaluated in yield grading | 1. carcass weight (size) 2. fat thickness 3. ribeye area - longissimus dorsi (muscle, tells fat %) 4. kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (waste) |
| Ossification | Cartilage turning into bone as an animal ages |
| Overall Beef Maturity | A-young, E-old. Important for labor and tenderness, once animal crosses the BC line, it cannot grade choice. |
| Poultry Grading | Not as important due to vertical integration, A - free of deformities, B - slight deformities |
| Grass fed beef | Makes fat yellow, grain fed cattles fat is white |
| Codominance | Both alleles expressed |
| Incomplete dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| Qualiitative | Classified into groups, typically controlled by few genes |
| Quantitative | Numerically measured |
| Crossbreeding | mating animals of diverse breeds within a species, normally best species and worth most $ |
| Stress causes... | Sickness |
| Pathology | Study of the essential nature of diseases |
| Etiology | Study of the causes of diseases |
| Passive immunity | Short-term from colostrum |
| Active immunity | Long-term, comes from exposure to antibodies or vaccination |
| Toxoplasmosis | Affects pregnant mammals, found in cat urine |
| APHIS | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
| Palatability | Tastiness and marbling |
| Cutability | Percentage of bone-in, closely trimmed four lean cuts |
| Okie | Bos Taurus, no brahman influence |
| Crossbred | Brahman influence |
| 1,2,3,4 grade | 1 - Large frame and muscling, 4 - Small frame and muscling |
| USDA inspections | Mandatory |
| Medium feeder cattle grade | Steers 1100-1250 Heifers 1000-1150 |
| Ribeye area | Around 11.0", between 12th and 13th rib |
| Yield grade 1 (beef) | least fat |
| Yield grade 4 (beef) | most fat |
| Lamb quality grades | Sorted within sex classes, Maturity is #1 factor, 98% grade choice |
| Lamb age | Determined by either a break joint (lamb) or spool joint (mutton) |
| Lamb Yield Grade | 1 - lean, 2, 3, 4, 5 - fat |
| Lamb Yield Grade equation | 0.4 + (10 x adjusted fat thickness) |
| HACCP | Hazard analysis critical control point, a food safety system that examines the food production process at every point where contamination is possible |
| Sex-limited traits | Traits that are expressed in only one sex |
| Sex-influenced traits | Traits that are expressed differently in males and females |
| Linebreeding | Breeding that maintains relatedness to a particular ancestor of outstanding quality |
| Outbreeding | Mating less closely related individuals when compared to the average of the population - increases hybrid vigor and performance |
Created by:
Kimmy74
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