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Soil Science Terms

QuestionAnswer
Aggregates The structures formed when soil particles combine with each other
Alluvial Soil Soil particles moved about by water and washed into low-lying areas to form deltas and flood plains
Capillary Water Water held between the soil particles against the force of gravity
Clay The smallest size soil particle; has the ability to hold both nutrients and water in the soil
Decomposition The process in which organic matter is broken down
Glacial Soil Soil created, moved, and deposited by glaciers
Gravitational Soil Water pulled downward in soil by the force of gravity
Horizon A distinct layer of soil in a profile
Humus Plant material or organic matter that reaches the advanced stage of decomposition
Hygroscopic Water Water that forms a thin film around individual soil particles; not available to plants
Infiltration The process of water soaking into the soil
Organic Matter The accumulation of decayed soil or partially decayed plants, animals, and other organisms in the soil
Leaching The process of soil water dissolving minerals, chemicals, and salts
Peds Clusters of soil particles
Loess Soil particles carried and deposited by the wind
Mineral Matter Inorganic material in the soil; formed by weathering of rocks
Silt The mid-size soil particle; has good water holding capacity
Permeable The quality of soil that allows water to infiltrate and percolate
Pore Spaces Spaces between solid particles in the soil that are filled with air or water
Percolation The downward movement of water in the soil
Sand The largest soil particle; helps to improve aeration in the soil
Soil Profile A view of a cross section of soil
Soil Structure The way in which aggregates or clusters are arranged
Soil Texture The proportions of sand, silt, and clay in the soil
Subsoil The B horizon in a soil profile; the layer below the topsoil
Tilth The ease at which soil can be worked to form a good seedbed
Topsoil The top few inches of soil with the greatest fertility
Weathering The process in which the climate literally causes rock to break into small particles forming mineral matter
Created by: jbond-ledford
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