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Temperate Biomes

TermDefinition
Norther temperate zone (L) Legacies of the last glaciation
Norther temperate zone (#) Tremendous # of lakes
Norther temperate zone (B) Many are in the boreal forest
Temperate biomes four seasons, generally mild temperatures, and sufficient precipitation to support high rates of primary/secondary production
Costal wetlands dominant feature of GL shorelines
Wetland types differ by Geology Shoreline configuration Soil chemistry and texture Surface water input and water level fluctuations Groundwater
Seiches standing wave in which the largest vertical oscillations are at each end of a body of water
Bioaccumulation An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time
Biomagnification accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain
Cultural eutrophication Nutrients from agriculture and livestock
Pervasive changes Bacteria to top level predators
eutrophication causes Sewage pollution/runoff
Eutrophication excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water
Stratification is an annual process dependent on water temperature (density) and wind strength
1. Epilimnion the upper layer of water in a stratified lake.
2. Metalimnion – Thermocline thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid in which temperature changes more drastically
3. Hypolimnion lower layer of water in a stratified lake, typically cooler and stagnant
4. Monimolimnion lower, dense stratum of a meromictic lake that does not mix with the waters above.
hypoxia low levels of oxygen
Eutrophication and algae blooms dead phytoplankton/zooplankton
Lake Erie stratified Summer
Invasive species How did they get there? Pet trade Plant nurseries
Predation (+/-)
Interspecies competition (-/-)
Functional responses Fewer food = less feeding More food = more feeding
Numerical response More food = calling over “friends” growing the population
Competition Simultaneous demand for limited resources that impact fitness of the species
Interference competition Direct interactions
Exploitation competition Indirect interactions
Trophic web impacts Trillions of zebra and quagga mussels filter the entire water volume of the Great Lakes every few weeks
zebra and quagga mussels Water clarity doubled in the last 2 decades Reduced productivity at the bottom of the food web
Predatory zooplankters (B) Bythotrephes
Predatory zooplankters (C) Cercopagis
Predatory zooplankters (E) Egg Predators
Trophic and ecological impacts Sea Lamprey
Sea Lamprey Crashed Lake Trout stocks Impacts salmon and other large species
Common reed Likely introduced by soil ballast
Common reed - Multiple reproductive modes  Stolons  Rhizomes
Extirpation of native wetland plants • Reductions in wetland plant diversity • Changes in wetland function • Reduced processing of N
macroinvertebrate larval or nymphal forms of otherwise terrestrial species
Ballast water treatment Exchange/flushing
Revise Lacey Act require screening of imported species for diseases/parasites
Asian carp colonization Silver Carp phytoplankgtivore - 45kg
Asian carp colonization Bighead carp zooplanktivore – 42kg
Asian carp colonization Black Carp molluscivore – 35kg
Asian carp colonization Grass Carp herbivore – 40kg
Asian carp colonization Highly efficient Fecund Environmentally tolerant Few pelagic predators in the US are predators
The problem has developed engineering solutions to connect the great lakes with the Gulf of Mexico
eDNA tracking using left behind DNA
electric barriers used to try and keep the carp out
eradication is not feasible
Phragmites Physical control
Lythrum biological control
Phragmites & Lythrum chemical
arboreal, pulmonate What if the control misbehaves Bio-control – a warning
The most extensive invasive species control program in the GL is for Sea Lamprey
Generalist species r-selected species
Specialized species K-selected species
r-selected species Pest species
Short access the specific thing it needs to leave
k-selected species Short access
Niches functional role of a species
N-dimensional hypervolume Set of resource axes used by a species
Created by: 001383842
Popular Agriculture sets

 

 



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