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VET115-Lg. Animal Dz
Porcine Husbandry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 101-103.5*F |
| Pulse Rate | 60-90/minute, 200-280/minute in newborns. |
| Respiration Rate | 10-24/minute, up to 50 in very young swine. |
| Female Reproductive Data | -polyestrous -puberty @ 4-8 months -breed @ 7-9 months -estrous 18-24 days -ovulation 40-46 hrs after estrus beginning -diffuse placenta |
| Optimal Breeding Time | 24-36 hours after the onset of estrus ,12-24 hours in gilts. |
| Gestation | 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days) |
| Birth weight | 4-4.5 lbs. |
| Litter size | 8-14 piglets |
| Weaning age | 21 days |
| Male Reproductive Data | -puberty @ 6-8 months -copulation 5-20 minutes -boar has distinct corkscrew shaped penis |
| Synthetic Lines | management method most commonly used for hog producers. The lines derived from crossbreeding increases heterosis and results in offspring superior to their parents. |
| Heterosis | the tendency of a crossbred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents. |
| Maternal Lines | management method used in crossbreeding, increase litter numbers, increase milk production, produce a more docile pig. |
| Terminal Lines | management method used in crossbreeding, allows fast growth, produces well-muscled meaty carcasses, leaner more durable pigs. |
| Parturition (Clinical Signs) | CS: milk in 12-24 hours, respiratory rate increases, restless, nesting, most sows farrow at night. |
| Parturition (stage 1) | parturition stage: vocalizations, lateral recumbency, some paddling of front legs, visible effort is usually required for the 1st piglet but not for following piglets. |
| Parturition (stage 2) | parturition stage: vocalization, fetuses delivered in 3-4 hrs, fetal membranes passed in 4-6 hrs. Farrowing has 16 minute intervals, stillbirths are 30+ minutes. Both positions normal (head or butt first). |
| Parturition (stage 3) | parturition stage: complete within 4 hrs, not a distinct stage of labor, placentas may be passed randomly between piglets or all at the end as a fused unit. |
| Maternal Behaviors | -may attempt to eat placenta -fiercely protective of young -savaging (killing and eating piglet, happens during birth) -doesn't lick piglets -urination after birth and then nursing -can crush piglets |
| Dystocia | occurs in less than 1% of births, is most common in small litters because of larger piglets. Seek assistance after 45-60 minutes without progression in parturition. |
| Neonatal Care | -remove amnion -sufficient oxygen (remove amnion and hold head down while pumping hindlegs) -regulate temp -teat within 5 minutes of birth -nursing within 30 minutes -creep feed @7 days of age |
| Average Daily Weight Gain | 1.5 lbs per day |
| Dental Formula | 2(I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3) |
| Pig Dentition | -44 teeth total -deciduous incisors erupt @ 2 weeks -piglets are born with 8 needle teeth, removed within the 1st 48 hrs after farrowing. |
| Vitamin Supplements | -Stabilized Vitamin A -Vitamin D, E, K -Vitamin B12 for young pigs -Choline for increasing litter size -Pantothenic Acid for females |
| Mineral Supplements | -calcium and phosphorus for skeletal growth, metabolism. -sodium and iodine supplied through iodized salts -iron for piglets, sows milk is very iron deficient |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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