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VET115-Lg. Animal Dz
Porcine Dz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Erysipelas | causes the multisystemic disease Diamond Skin Disease. 50% of healthy swine carry and shed it; localizes in skin, heart, and joints. CS: high fever, abortion, skin lesions. Acute Tx: Penicillin. Immunization @ weaning & repeated every 6 months. |
| Pseudorabies Virus | causes the multisystemic diseases: Aujescky's Disease and Mad Itch. Swine are natural host. Different CS based on age. Screen w/ serologic testing of herds; Tx: none. Vaccinate and is a reportable disease. |
| Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) | viral multisystemic disease prevalent in US swine herds. Virus enters through respiratory tract resulting in pneumonia, viremia passes the placenta, infecting embryos/fetuses. Dx: histopath virus isolations, immunofluorescence, PCR. Tx: none. MLV vaccs. |
| Hog Cholera/Classic Swine Fever | caused by Flaviviridae (same family as BVD), is an enveloped virus, US no reported cases, transmission by directly, fomites, contaminated meat, infected sows and carrier piglets. Dx: virologic test (tissue/serum), no Tx, REPORT TO AUTHORITIES |
| Types of Hog Cholera | both highly fatal Acute: poor reproductive performance, neurological defects. Acute: fever, abnormally low temp, anorexia, depression, constipation/diarrhea, vasculitis (hemorrhages and cyanosis of skin). |
| Hog Cholera (incubation) | incubation 2-6 days; death in 10-20 days. |
| Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) | caused by E. coli, primary cause of diarrhea in piglets <5 days, spread through fecal-oral. CS: yellow pasty diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte abnormal, fecal pH >8. Tx: antimicrobials and supportive care. Vaccs gilts and sows. |
| Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) | viral pathogen, AKA coronavirus. Epizootic and enzootic forms. Dx: CS's, necropsy findings, detection of viral antigen. Tx: supportive care, abx for secondary bacterial invaders. Vaccinate sows and pigs. |
| Rotavirus | viral dz similar to enzootic (chronic) TGE but less severe. Diarrhea occurs 3-4 days after pigs are weaned, Tx: same as TGE, vaccine available for oral vx of pigs @ 7 & 21 days of age. |
| Enterotoxemis | caused by Clostridium perfringens type C and in 3-4 day old piglets. Has severe forms of infection, death w/ no signs sometimes. Prevent with vaccs. Tx: supportive care, abx, antitoxin. |
| Coccidia | caused by Isospora suis, a protozoan parasite. Causes diarrhea in 7-10 day old piglets. CS: yellow-green watery feces w/o blood, acidic fecal pH. Dx: fecal float, necropsy. Tx: off label use of amprolium or SMZ-TMP. |
| Treating Diarrhea | young pigs tx: oral electrolyte solution (OES), abx in cases on secondary infections, constant temp to prevent energy loss and rapid wasting. |
| Swine Dysentry | dz caused by spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenterria, causes colon to lost resorptive capacity. CS: think weak emaciated and dehydrated pigs. Dx: CS's, lesions in colon, organism in darkfield microscope, culture or PCR, histologic sections. Tx: abx. |
| Salmonellosis | rare dz caused by Salmonella choleraesuis, can be asymptomatic carriers. CS: necrosis of SI & LI causing diarrhea, sepsis. Dx: fecal/intestinal mucosa culture, mesenteric lymph node culture, histo of infected intestine. Tx: abx and vaccines |
| Proliferative Enteropathy | aka porcine proliferative enteritis or "garden hose gut." CS: diarrhea, wt loss, melena, anemia, lesions of thickened intestinal mucosa limited to distal 3rd of S.I. Tx: antimicrobials, supportive care. Prevent: early weaning, decrease stress, sanitation |
| melena | dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood. |
| Trichuris suis | whipworm; causes bloody diarrhea and unthrifty; prevent by good husbandry; tx with dewormer. |
| Causes 0-5 day old diarrhea: | -E. coli -Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) -Clostridium perfingens Type C -Strongyles ransomi |
| Causes 5-21 day old diarrhea: | -Rotavirus -Coccidiosis -Milk Scours |
| Causes grower/finisher diarrhea | -Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) -Proliferative Ileitis -Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome -Salmonellosis -Swine Dysentery -Whipworms |
| Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) | aka coronavirus, new to US, symptoms at 1-4 days.CS: severe diarrhea, vomit, similar to TGE. Dx: PCR, histopath, CS's. Tx: supportive care, not reportable, not zoonotic. |
| Atrophic Rhinitis | caused by Bordetella and Pasteurella. CS: sneezing, nasal discharge, epistaxis, excessive tears, coughing. Tx: abx. Control with good husbandry. |
| Swine Influenza | a viral dz that has high morbidity and low mortality. CS: fever (108*F), anorexia, deep dry barking cough. Dx: CS's. Tx: suppotive care, abx for 2ndary infections. Vaccine is available. |
| Morbidity | amount of suffering from a disease |
| Mortality | rate of death from a disease |
| Mycoplasma Pneumonia | caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, causes chronic pneumonia in pigs usually 3-6 months of age. CS: chronic, non-productive cough, induced by exercise, decreased growth. Tx: abx. Vaccine available. |
| Pleuropneumonia | caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 12-16 wks old affected, has acute and chronic forms. Tx: abx. Vaccine after weaning can reduce severity of dz. Death usually within 36 hours. |
| Pasteurella Pneumonia | caused by Pasteurella multocida, is an opportunistic pathogen that takes over upper respiratory tract. CS: moist productive cough, dyspnea, fever, off feed. Tx: abx post clinical signs. |
| Porcine Parvovirus | disease with no clinical signs unless pregnant. Need to vaccinate. |
| Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) | caused by single autosomal recessive gene that manifests during stress. CS ranges: muscle tremors, blanched reddened areas of skin, cyanosis, death. Dx: necropsy (muscle is pale/soft/watery). Prevent by genetic selection when breeding. |
| Salt Poisoning | caused by sodium ion toxicosis or water deprivation). CS: restlessness, pruritis, constipation, thirst, blindness, convulsions, death. Tx: slow rehydration that return sodium to a normal level. Prevent w/ clean water |
| Brucellosis | caused by Brucella suis. CS: lameness, spondylitis, metritis, abortion, orchitis, sterility. Dx: Brucellosis card. Tx: cull and slaughter, no vaccine. It present in feral herds and zoonotic. |
| spondylitis | inflammation of the joints of the backbone |
| Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) | CS: mummies of different sizes stillbirths, live pigs may all be present in same litter. Natural infection results in lifelong immunity. Vx available but immunity only lasts 4-6 months. |
| Leptospira pomona and bratislava | bacteria shed through urine & reproductive discharge. CS: aborted/weak pigs, zoonotic. Vx available only short duration of action and re-vx every 6 months. |
| Parasites (small intestine) | -Eimeria -Isospora -Ascaris -Strongyloides -Trichinella -Macracanthorhynchus |
| Parasites (large intestine) | -Trichuris -Balantidium -Oesophagostomum |
| Parasites (kidney) | -Stephanurus |
| Parasites (stomach) | -Ascarops -Physocephalus -Hyostrongylus |
| Trichnella spiralis | parasite that occurs in SI, become infected when ingest infective larval stages in undercooked meat, larvae end up in blood stream and then into muscles. Larvae encyst in muscle, passed to people, Dx: proper meat inspections. |
| Cysticercus cellulosae | the Bladderworm of Taenia solium (tapeworm), causes "pork measles," dx'd during meat inspection. Human infections occur in the muscles or nervous tissue. |
| Parasite (diagnoses and treatments) | Dx: fecal flotation and direct smear is most common test performed to dz parasites in pigs. Sedimentation of urine is used in Stephanurus. Tx: antiparasitics, regular deworming schedule. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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