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VET115-Lg. Animal Dz
Poultry Dz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Types of Poultry | -duck, turkey, chicken, goose, capon |
| Nutrition | complete feed is most common, not recommended to add other feeds to "complete feeds" as it upsets the balance. |
| Aspergillosis (Brooder Pneumonia) | fungal dz that comes from high amounts of mold, not spread from bird-bord, usually affects chicks <2 wks. CS: gasp, extend neck, death. Dx: mold culture. Prevent by decreased exposure. |
| Mycotoxicosis | dz caused by fungus that grows in feed, is a lethal disease. |
| Moniliasis (Crop mycosis, Thrush) | fungal dz caused by a candida organism. CS: listlessness, inappetence, thick mucosa + white raised pseudomembranes in upper digestive tract. Commonly seen after use of therapeutic levels of abx. |
| Treating Fungal Diseases | treating this kind of dz requires: antimycotic drugs only after mold issue is addressed, good husbandry, keeping feed dry to prevent mold, copper sulfate, vinegar. |
| Coccidiosis | dz caused by Eimeria spp. Common in young. CS: decreased growth rate, bloody feces, high mortality. Dx: CS and fecal. Tx: anticoccidial drugs. |
| Hexamitiasis | dz that affects other fowl species (not chickens), caused by Hexamita parasite, passed by feces CS: foamy diarrhea, unkempt feathers, listlessness, rapid wt loss. No effective treatment. |
| Histomoniasis (blackhead, enterohepatitis) | dz caused by the protozoan parasite Histmonas meleagridis. CS: lethargy, droopy appearance, awkward gait, swollen hemorrhagic ceca, death. Liver has necrotic lesions, turkeys more susceptible. |
| Colobacillosis | dz caused by Escherichia coli. Affects the respiratory and GI tract, mortality is high, many signs include: diarrhea, coughing, labored breating, rales, etc. |
| Mycoplasosis (CRD, Air sac, Sinusitis) | dz caused by Mycoplasma, causes respiratory symptoms, dx by a blood test. Upper form in turkeys only swells the sinus under eye, lower form involves lungs and air sacs. |
| Fowl Cholera | the most hazardous infectious dz of turkeys, chickens are resistant. Caused by Pasteurella, spread through mouth/nose secretions. Dx: CS and culture. Tx: abx. Prevent by administering bacterins. |
| Necrotic Enteritis (rot gut, crud, cauliflower gut) | dz caused by Clostridium perfringens A&C. Toxins produced by bacteria damage intestinal lining and liver. CS: sudden death, depressed, ruffled feathers. Tx w/ abx if drinking water. |
| Ulcerative Enteritis (quail disease) | dz that affects all poultry, caused by Clostridium colinum. Spread by droppings. CS: sudden death w/o signs or wt loss, resistant to disinfectants. Postmortem: entire intestinal tract has button ulcers and peritonitis. |
| Pullorum Disease | dz caused by Salmonella pullorum. CS: heat seeking, anorectic, weak, whitish diarrhea. Dx: bacterial culture. Highly fatal. |
| Fowl Typhoid | not the same as human typhoid. Caused by Salmonella gallinarum, CS: similr o pullorum. Dx: serologic tests as well as lesions at necropsy. |
| Botulism (limberneck) | dz caused by Clostridium botulinum. CS: flacid paralysis, death from cardiac and respiratory arrest, ingestion of toxin produced by the bacteria causes signs. Dx: toxin in test samples. Tx: remove affected carcasses and toxic maggots. |
| Infectious Coryza | dz caused by Hemophilus paragallinarum, respiratory only affecting chickens. CS: edematous swelling of face/eyes, watery mucus discharge w/ bad smell. Bacterin is available. |
| Omphalitis (navel ill, mushy chick dz) | dz that causes inflammation of the navel, infectious but not contagious, associated w/ excessive humidity & contaminated hatching eggs, chicks will appear normal up to a few hours before death. |
| Erysipelas | dz caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, humans are susceptible. Infects skin abrasions and causes weakness and lack of appetite. A lot of times just a bunch of dead birds. Treat w/ Penicillin and control by vaccinating. |
| Antibiotic Administration | through water and feed |
| Avian Pox | dz caused by avipoxvirus, slow-spreading, highly resistant, worldwide, no treatment and prevent w/ vaccine. CS: wart-like nodules on skin, proliferative lesions, upper GI lesions, respiratory tract lesions. |
| Newcastle Disease | zoonotic reportable disease also known as Avian Pneumoencephalitis, US is free of high virulence strain. Causes respiratory/nervous symptoms. Dx: viral/antibody detection. Tx: none. Prevent w/ vaccinations. |
| Infectious Bronchitis | extremely contagious resp. dz in chickens. Causes coughing, sneezing, rales, and wet eyes. Spreads through air. No treatment so need to vaccinate. |
| Quail Bronchitis | dz caused by adenovirus. Is contagious and highly fatal, Chick Embryo Lethal Organism. |
| Lymphoid Leukosis | caused by infected eggs/feces. Causes lymphoid tumors, signs are nonspecific, no treatment, good husbandry will help prevent. |
| Marek's Disease | dz caused by herpes virus worldwide and is also called Visceral Leukosis. Chickens are natural hosts, transmitted through infective dander and is highly contagious. Dx: post mortem enlarged nerves and lymphoid tumors. Control w/ vaccs. CS; depressed>dead |
| Infectious Bursal Disease | aka Gumboro, highly contagious of young, severe losses, caused by direct contact, vaccines are available. CS: ruffled feathers, strained defecation, loss of appetite and dehydration. |
| Avian Influenza | viral dz of chix, turkeys, waterfowl; transmission through bird to bird or vectors. CS: low virulence. Dx: virus isolation. Tx: supportive care, prevent secondary bacterial infections. |
| Ascarids | large intestine roundworms, most common. |
| Cecal Worms | worms found in ceca, does not cause many problems with birds but will allow the agent that causes blackhead to come in |
| Capillaria | Capillary/Thread worms, affects crop and esophagus; causes thickening and inflammation of mucosa; control by prevention measures. |
| Tapeworm | is a cestode (flat worm) passed through droppings. Control with de-wormers. Hosts: snails, slugs, beetles, ants, grasshoppers, earthworms, houseflies, etc. |
| Gapeworms | round red worm attached to the trachea, causes open mouth breathing. Control w/ de-wormers. |
| Worm Clinical Signs | CS: growing slowly, losing wt, having little appetite, looking miserable, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, fewer eggs. Birds with worms in the gut have similar signs. |
| Poultry Mites | blood sucking mites that can burrow into the skin or live on feathers. Treat by spraying program of birds and premises. |
| Poultry Lice | birds infected with this parasite will self mutilate by scratching mite area, treat with insecticides. CS: unthrifty, feather loss, and off feed. |
| Fowl Tick (Blue Bug) | blood sucking tick that has no treatment but surroundings can be treated. Causes: weak birds, low egg count, emaciation, death. |
| Chiggers, Red bugs, Harvest mites | external parasites that their larvae attach to wings, breasts, necks of poultry; then the larvae inject poisonous substance that causes irritation and itching. Control with insecticides. |
| Caged Layer Fatigue | dz that affects caged hens from an imbalance of minerals/electrolytes. Causes rickets and abnormal bones, spontaneous recovery if removed from cage. |
| Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome | affects hens only, caused by excessive dietary energy intake, altercation of diet or amount of dietary energy consumed. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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