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The Skeletal System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the first hardest natural substance in the body? | Enamel |
What is Bone composed of? | Bone is composed of a sparse population of cells embedded in a hard intercellular substance called the matrix. |
What are the cells called that produces bone? | osteoblasts |
What do osteoplasts secrete? | Osteoblasts secrete the matrix, which is initially soft and composed of collagen fibers embedded in a gelatin-like ground substance made of protein and complex carbohydrates called polysaccharides. |
Polysaccharides | a carbohydrate (e.g. starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
Ossification | The process of the bony matrix undergoing hardening after being infiltrated with Calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals |
once osteoblasts complete the process of ossification and are trapped in spaces called lacunae, what is the correct cell terminology that identifies them? | Osteocytes |
How do osteocytes communicate with each other? | Their only contact with each other or with their blood supply is through threadlike, cellular processes in tiny channels through the bone called canaliculi. |
The anatomical term for fibrous joints | synarthroses;immovable |
Cartilaginous Joints | Slightly movable, joints are termed amphiarthroses. |
Synovial Joints | They are freely movable joints, such as the shoulder joint and the stifle joint. The anatomical term for synovial joints is diarthroses. |
Articular cartilage | a thin, smooth layer of hyaline cartilage that lies on top of the articular surface of a bone. The articular cartilage functions like a Teflon coating on the joint surfaces to aid the smooth movement between them to reduce friction. |