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VET 115 Week 4
Common Diseases of Camelids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the most frequent illnesses associated with NWC? | Internal parasites, Clostridial infections, Breeding issues, Heat stress, Hepatic lipidosis |
| What are the CS of heat stress? | Temp >102 F, Drooping of lip, Scrotal/Perineal swelling or edema, Abortion/Impaired reproduction, Recumbency, Inability to stand, Severe depression, death |
| How do you treat heat stress? | Cool the animal with water, IV, Alcohol rubs, move to shade |
| How do you prevent heat stress? | Constant access to fresh water, provide shade, ventilation |
| What are the causes of fetal malposition? | Anterior dorsosacral position and shoulder lock, Caudal presentation, Head deviation |
| How is fetal malposition treated? | Vaginal exam and manipulation, cesarean section |
| What is the treatment for Inadequate cervical dilation? | Cesarean section |
| How is uterine torsion diagnosed? | Rectal palpation of broad ligament |
| What causes failure of active transfer? | Poor quality/quantity colostrum, inability to nurse, inadequate consumption/absorption |
| What is the treatment of failure of active transfer under 24 hours? | Milk dam and administer via orogastric tube, colostrum from sheep, goats, cattle acceptable substitute |
| What is the treatment for failure of active transfer over 24 hours? | Monitor for illness, plasma transfusion |
| What are the clinical signs of Deficient milk production/consumption? | Poor weight gain, weakness, Unthrifty, Failure to thrive |
| What causes Deficient milk production/consumption? | Mastitis, Udder edema, Behavioral, Genetics |
| What are the CS of pre-mature/Dysmature? | Weak, low birth weight, unerupted incisors, hyperextension of the fetlock joint, Silky wool, floppy ears |
| T/F: Choanal Atresia is a congenital disorder | True |
| What are the CS of Choanal Atresia? | Labored breathing, Open mouth breathing, expiration more difficult than inspiration, swallowing of air, gastric tympany |
| How is Choanal Atresia diagnosed? | Clinical signs, contrast radiographic study |
| How is Choanal Atresia treated? | Surgical correction |
| What are the CS of rickets? | Slow growth rate, reluctance to move or run, lameness, excessive recumbency, swollen joints |
| How is rickets treated? | Vitamin D (IM, SQ, PO) |
| What are the CS of Bovine Viral Diarrhea? | Early pregnancy loss/Late term abortions, Diarrhea, Thriftiness/poor weight gain, Increased susceptibility to other infections |
| What does Rhinopneumonitis cause in camelids? | Irreversible blindness, Non-responsive dilated pupils, retinal degeneration, optic nerve atrophy |
| What is rabies also known as in camelids? | Rhabdovirus |
| What are the CS of rabies? | Lameness, Ataxia, Posterior paresis, Followed by aggressive syndrome/paralytic syndrome |
| What can chlamydophiosis cause? | Pneumonia, Keratoconjunctivitis, Epididymitis, Polyarthritis |
| What are the CS of leptospriosis? | Fever, Hemoglobinuria, Icterus, Anemia, Encephalitis, Mastitis, Pulmonary congestion, Orchitis, Abortion |
| How is leptospirosis diagnosed? | Serologic testing, Clinical signs |
| How is leptospirosis treated? | Antibiotics, Symptomatic/Supportive treatment |
| How can leptospirosis be prevented? | Keep animals away from contaminated/standing water, Vaccinate |
| What are the CS of anthrax? | High fever, anorexia, stomach stasis, colic, hematuria, hemorrhagic diarrhea, Depressed, Lack of rigor mortis, Hemorrhagic discharge from orifices, sudden death |
| What are the CS of clostridium tetani? | Prostrate, rigid, locked jaw, fixed stare, erect ears, fever, dyspnea, sawhorse stance, unable to kush |
| How is clostridium tetani treated? | Antibiotics, supportive care |
| How is clostridium tetani prevented? | Vaccinate |
| What are the CS of clostridium chauvei? | High fever, serohemorrhagic swellings, gas formation in the muscles |
| How is clostridium chauvei treated? | Antibiotics |
| How is clostridium chauvei prevented? | Vaccinate |
| What is Megaesophagus related to? | Choke |
| What are the CS of Megaesophagus? | Vomiting, regurgitation, dysphagia, hypersalivation, fetid breath, chronic weight loss |
| How is Megaesophagus dx? | Radiology/baruim |
| How is Megaesophagus treated? | Dietary management, euthanasia |
| What are the CS of gastric ulcers? | Inappetence, Scant feces, depressed, away from herd, bruxism |
| How are gastric ulcers diagnosed? | differential |
| What are the CS of stomach atony? | Decreased appetite to no appetite, loss of body condition, depression, with or w/o diarrhea |
| How is stomach atony treated? | Supportive therapy/fluids, fast for 3-5 days, Transfaunation |
| What is Hepatic Disease associated with? | Liver flukes |
| What are the CS of Hepatic Disease? | Unthrifty, diminished growth, acute death, icterus (rare) |
| How is Hepatic Disease diagnosed? | Fecal float, Elisa, Fecal antigen test |
| How is Hepatic Disease treated? | Anthelmintic |
| What is indicated in Hepatic Lipidosis? | Stress and/or diet changes |
| What are the CS of Hepatic Lipidosis? | lethargy, weakness, inappetence, decreased water intake, and diarrhea, emaciation, ventral edema, colic, and trembling sometimes seen. |
| How is lethargy, weakness, inappetence, decreased water intake, and diarrhea Emaciation, ventral edema, colic, and trembling sometimes seen Clinical findings treated? | Treatment of symptoms |
| What are the CS of Colic? | Incoordination, weakness, bruxism, abdominal distention, recumbancy |
| How is Colic diagnosed? | Thorough PE, Abdominocentesis, Abdominal radiographs |
| How is Colic treated? | Supportive, antacids, abx, IV fluids, Flush GI |
| What is Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm also known as? | Brain worm |
| What is Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm a parasite of? | White Tailed deer |
| What are camelids in relation to Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm? | Aberrant host |
| What are the CS of Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm? | Hypermetria, Ataxia, Stiffness, Paresis, Head tilt, Circling, Blindness |
| What does Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm cause? | Inflammation of the nervous system, Malacia, Meningitis, hemorrhage, death |
| How is Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm diagnosed? | CS/presence of WTD/rule out other diseases |
| How is Parelaphostrongylosis meningeal worm treated? | anthelmintic, NSAIDS, DMSO, steroids, Physical therapy |
| What are the CS of all parasites? | With or w/o diarrhea, Unthrifty, Poor growth |
| What is the most effective way to prevent parasite burdens? | Management practices (Pasture rotation, Clean facilities, Regular fecal egg counts) |
Created by:
Acraft02
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