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VET115 Lg. Animal Dz
Camelid Management
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Old World Camelids | -dromedary (one hump) -bactrian (two humps) |
| New World Camels (South American Camels) | -llama (Lama glama) -Alpaca (Lama pacos) -Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) -Vicuna (Vicugna, vicugna) -(llama and alpaca are most common) |
| Camelid Uses | -pack animals, pets, fiber (alpaca), show, sheep guardians, animal therapy, meat/leather. |
| Alpaca Fiber | this coat is clipped yearly, is as soft as cashmere and warmer than wool, fibers are hollow + provide insulation, wicks away moisture, wide variation of natural colors. |
| Llama Uses | -excellent pets because docile, less destructive than other pack animals, can be used to guard sheep against predators, pet initiated therapy programs. |
| Llama Behavior | behavior: herd structure, prey species, inter-animal physical contact limited, can be docile if handled, may kick/bite/spit if provoked, can have Berserk Male Syndrome. |
| Llama Ears Language | -alert/comfortable: erect and slightly forward -alarmed: vertical and fully forward -concerned: point towards back of head -upset: flat against neck, nose elevated -aggressive: can vary from erect to flattened. |
| Llama Tail Language | -calm: flat -alarmed: horizontal or above -aggressive: vertical |
| Restraint Methods | -halter restraint (for show/pet/juvenile camelids), chute, sternal/cushed, standing using wall/fence, neonates lap restraint, juveniles/yearling placed in lat. recumbency or standing restraint similar to a large dog. |
| Shearing Alpaca Methods | -standing, lateral w/ front + hind limbs hobbled and anchored, tilt table with restraints, tipped or set up (not commonly practiced due to size and disposition). |
| Stomach Features (pseudoruminant) | camelids are functional (modified) ruminants with 3 stomach compartments. C1 is 80% of the fore stomach and ferments, C2 is 6% and has buffering agents/enzymes, C3 absorbs water and nutrients and is the true stomach. |
| Nutrition Requirements | -16% protein for young, 14-16% for pregnant/nursing, 10% for the rest -Water 9-13% of body wt -Roughage: hay and pasture -graze freely -Selenium, Vit E, copper, zinc, B vitamins |
| Feeding Issues | -choke (pellets), indigestion, allergies, underfeeding/overfeed, bad teeth, rickets from Vit D deficiency, Vitamin E/selenium deficiency, zinc deficiency (hair loss/bad skin) takes months to recover. |
| Male Reproduction | the reproductive organs are located caudally and urinate backwards. Puberty: llamas (2-3 yrs) / alpacas (2-3 yrs) |
| Female Reproduction | females are induced ovulators and have 1-2 babies. Puberty: llamas (6-12 months) / alpacas (1 yr). |
| Gestation | 335-365 days (average: 345 days) |
| Estrous Cycle | 8-12 days |
| Duration of Estrus | 4-5 days |
| Breeding | live cover is a common method done by field/pen breeding. Hand breeding can be done by embryo transfer into the left uterine horn. They have single births born head first. |
| Stage 1 Parturition | the preparing/nesting stage of birth. Frequent visits to dung pile, rolling, sternal/cushed recumbency, vocalization, 1-6 hours. |
| Stage 2 Parturition | the delivery stage, completed in 20-30 minutes, not longer than 1 hr, occurs in a standing position but can be recumbent, anterior dorsosacral presentation (head first). |
| Stage 3 Parturition | stage of parturition where the placenta is expelled. Usually within 1 hr of birth, should take place within 4-6 hrs of birth, observe to insure all is expelled. Dystocia is uncommon. |
| Cria | should stand within 1-2 hrs and nurse within 6-8 hrs. Treat umbilicus with 2-3% iodine tincture, need colostrum, meconium should pass in first few hours. but can use soapy enema if needed, roughage within 1-2 weeks, no grain until 3 months. |
| Castration | this is done to males at 18-24 months, is done under anesthesia. If done too early, it can cause patellar luxation, the animal grows too tall too fast with straight legs. |
| Cria | |
| Kush | |
| Berserk Male Syndrome | |
| Induced Ovulation | |
| Temp | 99-102 *F |
| HR | 60-90 beats per minute |
| RR | 10-30 breaths per minute |
| GI sounds | 3-5 contractions per minute |
| Blood Collection Methods | -high neck jugular, low neck jugular, coccygeal (tail) vein, lateral auricular (ear) vein, femoral vein. |
| High Neck Jugular | jugular blood collection that is difficult to hit, (blind stick) jugular superficial. |
| Lower Neck Jugular | jugular blood collection that is easier to hit and runs parallel to the artery. |
| Injection Methods | skin can be 1/2 inch thick -SQ: front shoulder/behind elbow -IM: semimembranous/semitendinosus, triceps, caudal cervical epaxial muscles. -IV: cranial 1/3rd of neck for injections/collection lower for IV caths and injs. |
| Feet | have a soft pad with nail on the end, quick is similar to dog, trimming is needed. Trim flush with the pad and done once a year. |
| Heat Stress | New World Camelids originated in the Andes Mountains of South America, they are not equipped to deal with the high heat and humidity found in many areas of North America |
| Preventing Heat Stress | -shade, ventilation, access to fresh water, balanced nutrition, do not allow obesity, shearing, avoid working animals during hottest parts of day. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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