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VET 140 Week 3
Gram Positive Organisms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is disease? | Develops when microorganisms enter the body, multiply and produce a reaction to disrupt normal body function |
| Describe Staphylococcus. | Gram positive purple/blue cocci, 1 micron in diameter, tend to form irregular clusters resembling bunches of grapes |
| T/F: Staphylococcus is one of the most common species isolated in veterinary medicine | True |
| Define Alpha-toxin | major toxin in gangrenous mastitis; spasm of smooth muscle – release prostaglandins: impair macrophages |
| Define Beta-toxin | damages cell membrane |
| What is an example of Exfoliative toxins? | scalded skin syndrome in humans |
| What is an example of enterotoxin? | Food poisoning in human |
| What is toxic shock syndrome toxin also called? | endotoxin |
| What activates thrombin, with conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin? | Coagulase |
| What is the most important test in determining the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus? | Coagulase test |
| What do small plasmids do? | Encode resistance to various antibiotics |
| What do large plasmids have a resisitance to? | Penicillin and heavy metals |
| When talking about mastitis, the leukocytes that enter the milk in the alveoli are called what? | Somatic cells |
| When performing a catalase test what are you looking for? | Bubbling |
| What does IMM stand for? | Intramammary |
| What is botryomyocosis? | an unusual host response to common bacteria, can involve Staphylococcus or others |
| Describe Streptococcus | Gram-positive purple/blue cocci, 1 micron in diameter, chains of different lengths |
| Which haemolysis is more pathogenic? | Beta-hemolytic |
| What is Lancefield grouping? | Serological method of classification based on group specific polysaccharide in the cell wall |
| What is Pathogenicity? | Related to the production of toxins or enzymes |
| What is strangles? | highly contagious respiratory disease with fever, abscession of regional lymph nodes in horses |
| What form of Streptococcus causes equine strangles? | Streptococcus equi subspecies equi |
| Which form of streptococcus affects pigs? | Streptococcus suis |
| What is the carrier rate of Streptococcus suis? | 90% |
| What is Streptococcus suis Type 2 associated with in pigs and humans? | Meningitis |
| Which form of Streptococcus is a mucosal commensal in horses and humans can contract it through contaminated dairy products? | Strept. equi subsp. zooepidemicus |
| Who does Strept. equi subsp. zooepidemicus affect? | Cattle, goats, lambs, equine, humans |
| What is Staph. hyicus also known as? | Greasy pig disease |
| How is Staph. hyicus transmitted? | Bite wounds |
| What animals does Staphylococcus pseudintermedius affect? | Dogs and cats |
| What are the 3 main mastitis strains? | S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis |
| Which mastitis strain makes up 20% of USA mastitis? | S. uberis |
| How do you differentiate Strept sp.? | Hemolysis on BAP, Lancefield group, CAMP test |
| What hemolysis does S. agalactiae have? | Beta hemolysis |
| T/F: S. agalactiae tests positive on the CAMP test | True |
| What type of hemolysis does S. dysgalactiae have? | Alpha hemolysis |
| What type of hemolysis does S. uberis have? | Alpha hemolysis |
| What is the major reservoir host of Streptococcus pyogenes? | Humans |
| What is the primary source of Streptococcus canis in dogs? | Anal mucosa |
| What animals are the carriers of Streptococcus canis? | Dogs and cats |
| Describe Enterococcus sp. | Gram positive cocci, Colonies are grey, smooth, and round |
| What type of hemolysis does Enterococcus sp. have? | Alpha to gamma hemolysis |
| What is the number one nosocomial etiology in human hospitals? | Enterococcus sp. |
| Describe Corynebacterium | Small, pleomorphic, Gram-positive, coccoid, club and rod forms that occur in palisades (Chinese letters) and angular clusters |
| Which animals does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affect? | Sheep and goats |
| Which animal does Corynebacterium renale affect? | Cattle |
| What percent of the herd does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affect? | 30-50% |
| What species of Corynebacterium causes pharyngitis in humans? | Corynebacterium ulcerans |
| What species of Corynebacterium is commensal of the bovine udder and growth is enhanced during lactation? | Corynebacterium bovis |
| Describe Rhodococcus equi | Gram positive cocci and rods (two morphological forms), Characteristic mucoid, salmon-colored colonies on macro, Some bacilli, other cocci on micro, Catalase positive |
| Describe Actinomycetes | Diverse group of Gram-positive with branching filaments and pleomorphic structures |
| What is Actinomyces bovis also known as in cattle? | Lumpy Jaw |
| Describe Nocardia as a species | Branching filaments, rods and cocci |
| T/F: Nocardia is partially acid-fast | True |
| What animals does Nocardia asteroides affect? | Canines, Dairy cows, Pigs, horses |
| Describe Dermatophilus congolensis | Gram positive, filamentous, branchinf |
| Define zoospore. | limited survival in environment; some survival in dry scabs |
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