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VET 140 Week 2

Bacterial Culturing & Staining

QuestionAnswer
What is signalment? Species, Sex and if neutered/spayed, Age
What is the process for obtaining a differential? Chief complaint, Physical examination, Diagnosis, Treatment
T/F: Most samples are refrigerated for shipping. True
When collecting a specimen for shipping what should be checked with the reference lab? Sample collection, Shipping recommendations, Tests to request
What needs to be labeled on a specimen? Animal's name/number, Specimen (Bacteria or tissue), Date collected
How are fungal cultures collected from dogs? Plucking hair
How are fungal cultures collected from cats? Brushing hair with a fine comb
All samples should be stored at room temperature except which? Urine
What are the three types of body samples? Sterile, Nonsterile, Abscessed
What are the sample collection guidelines for milk? Discard first few squirts
What are the sample collection guidelines for urine? Cysto, catheter, void
What are the sample collection guidelines for blood? whole, unclotted
What are the sample collection guidelines for eyes? Conjunctival swab, Lacrimal secretions, Corneal scraping
What are the types of stains? Diff Quik, Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain
What are the methods for applying samples to glass slides? Wet mount, Dry mount, Heat Fixation
What can stain be composed of? primary stain, counterstain, fixative or mordant, and/or decolorizer
Why do gram stains need to be performed on a young colony? Old ones often become excessively decolorized and do not yield proper results.
Why is heat fixing used? Prevents sample from washing off, helps preserve cell morphology, kills the bacteria, and renders them permeable to stain.
How many hours after inoculation and incubation of media can further testing be done? 18 to 24 hours after
If a gram stain results in both positive and negative what test is used to find which gram it actually is? KOH (potassium hydroxide) test
What does gram negative show up as when using a KOH test? Sticky strand and mucoid mass
What does gram positive show up as when using a KOH test? No strand and no mucoid mass
What temperature should culture media be kept at? 40-50°F
What is the danger zone of temperature for food? 40°F
What is Agar? semisolid media, dried extract of seaweed and gelatin
What is Broth? liquid media
What is a Tube? screw-top container; broth or agar
What is Slants? Tube of agar that allowed to gel on an angle
What is a Plate? Flat, round container of media
When is the ideal time to determine Macroscopic Colony Morphology? 24 hours incubation
What are the characteristics of colony growth? Size, Elevation, Form or Margin, Density, Texture, Pigment, Odor, Hemolysis
What are the two growth patterns? Spreading and Swarming
What are the types of culture media? Enriched media (Nutritive), Selective media, Differential media
Define Enriched media (Nutritive). For initial growth of bacteria, often used for initial isolation of bacteria (some contain blood, some egg, some serum)
Define Selective media. has compounds to inhibit growth of certain organisms, e.g., MacConkey (inhibits Gram positive)
Define Differential media. has compounds that identify certain characteristics of organisms grown on media, e.g., urea
What are the types of enriched media? Trypticase Soy Agar, Trypticase Soy Agar with 5% sheep blood (TSA) or Blood Agar Plate (BAP), Brain-Heart Infusion Broth (BHIA), Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), Thioglycollate Broth (THIO)
What are the types of hemolysis that can be detected with Trypticase Soy Agar with 5% sheep blood (TSA) or Blood Agar Plate (BAP)? Alpha (incomplete), Beta (complete), Gamma (no hemolysis), Delta
Define Alpha hemolysis partial hemolysis, agar becomes green/brown color
Define Beta hemolysis Complete hemolysis that creates a clear halo around colony
Define Gamma hemolysis no hemolysis or discoloration
Define Delta hemolysis double zone of hemolysis
What is an example of selective media? MacConkey II Agar Plate
What is a differential media? Display visible differences caused by growth of specific colonies
What are examples of differential media? Simmons Citrate- slants, Urea agar slants, Triple sugar iron agar slants, Sulfide-indole motility tubes
What are examples of other media? Mannitol Salt Agar, Bismuth Sulfite Agar, Mueller-Hinton Agar, Sabouraud Dextrose (DTM), Combination
What is the temperature used for incubation that is optimal for growth? 37 C or 98.6 F
T/F: Some organisms such as Nocardia species may take 72 hours or more True
If there is no growth, what should be done? Reincubate
What are routine stains? Ziehl-Neelsen or Acid Fast, Dilute Carbol Fuchsin or Modified Ziehl-Neelsen, Polychrome methylene blue, Diff Quik, Giemsa or Wright,
What are the most notable acid-fast organism? Mycobacterium and Nocardia
What color do Acid-fast positive organisms stain? Red
What color do non-acid-fast organisms stain? Blue
What is a Wet prep? loopful of culture examined under coverslip
What is a Hanging drop? modified slide, petroleum jelly
What is a susceptible Zone of Inhibition? No growth of bacteria around disc
What is a resistant Zone of Inhibition? Bacteria grow up to disc
What is Cross-resistance? resistance to other drugs within the same class
What is Multiple-drug resistance (mediated by plasmid)? resistance to drugs from different classes
What is Bacterial Conjugation? two bacteria fusing together to exchange information
What is Bacterial Transformation? picking up plasmids from the environment
What is Bacterial Transduction? virus relocates bacterial DNA
Created by: Acraft02
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