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VET 115 Week 1
Large Animal Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the digestive system also known as? | Alimentary system |
| T/F: Digestive system anatomy is dependent on species diet | True |
| What do carnivores digestive tracts depend on? | Enzymes |
| T/F: Carnivores do NOT ferment | True |
| What do herbivores digestive tract depend on? | Microbial fermentation |
| What do omnivores digestive tract depend on? | Enzymes and microbial fermentation |
| Where does fermentation occur in omnivores? | Large intestine |
| Where does fermentation occur in herbivores? | Rumen (cecum in horses) |
| What are nutrients? | Any substance that provides nourishment to an organism; something essential that a plant or animal obtains from the environment for growth and maintenance of life |
| What are the two catagoreis for nutrients? | Energy producing and Non-energy producing |
| Which nutrient category contains micronutrients? | Non-energy producing |
| Which nutrient category contains macronutrients? | Energy producing |
| What is the most important nutrient? | Water |
| What percent of the body weight is water? | 50-70% |
| What is dehydration? | Decrease in the amount of water present in the body |
| T/F: Mls of water/day should be equal to kcal/day | True |
| How is excess water excreted? | Kidneys via urine |
| What is protein? | Large molecules made up of amino acids |
| What are the two categories for protein? | Essential and Non-essential |
| What are the functions of protein? | Regulate metabolism, Construction of cell membranes, Formation of muscle fiber, Growth and repair tissue, Serve as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies |
| T/F: Excessive amounts of protein are stored in the body | False; excessive amounts of protein are NOT stored in the body |
| Which amino acid cannot be synthesized by the body and must be supplied in the diet? | Essential amino acids |
| Which amino acid can be synthesized by the body and does not need to be supplemented? | Non-essential amino acids |
| Which amino acid is a creation of compound by union of elements composing it? | Sythesis |
| What are the types of classifications of fats? | Short, medium, long chain or saturated, mono & poly unsaturated |
| What are the functions of fats? | Primary source of energy, Supply essential fatty acids, Facilitate digestion, Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) |
| T/F: Excessive amounts of fats are stored in the body | True |
| What are the signs of fatty acid deficiency? | Poor hair coat, Skin infections, Weight loss, Decreased immune system |
| What are carbohydrates? | Sugars and starches |
| What are simple carbohydrates? | Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose |
| What are complex hydrates? | Starch, Glycogen, Fiber |
| What is fiber often mistaken as? | Complex carbohydrate |
| What are the two types of fiber? | Soluble and Insoluble |
| What are examples of fiber? | Psyllium, Guar gum, Pectin, Beet pulp, Wheat bran, Cellulose |
| T/F: Vitamins are needed for normal physiological function | True |
| What are the two classifications of vitamins? | Water soluble and Fat soluble |
| Which vitamins are water soluble? | B complex and C |
| Which vitamins are fat soluble? | A, D, E, K |
| Which classification of vitamins is stored in the body? | Fat soluble |
| Which classification of vitamins is NOT stored in the body? | Water soluble |
| What are minerals necessary for in the body? | Metabolic processes |
| What are minerals? | Inorganic elements |
| What are examples of minerals? | Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Selenium, Iodine, Boron |
| What are Total Digestible Nutrients (TDNs)? | General measure of the nutritive value of a feed |
| What is Gross Energy (GE)? | Total energy potential available in a feed consumed by an animal |
| What is Digestible Energy (DE)? | Energy that remains after the energy lost in feces is subtracted from gross energy |
| What is Metabolizable Energy (ME)? | Energy available to the animal after energy from feces, urine, and combustible gases have been subtracted from gross energy; Used to express the energy content of foods and commercial diets |
| What is Net Energy (NE)? | Actual portion of energy available to the animal for use in maintaining body values or during pregnancy or lactation |
| What are feedstuffs? | Any dietary component that provides some essential nutrient or serves some other function |
| What are Non-nutritive feedstuffs? | Provide bulk, flavor, odor, color, or act as antioxidant |
| How much feedstuff is fed to domestic livestock around the world? | More than 2000 feedstuffs |
| What are feedstuffs categorized by? | on source and nutrient concentrations |
| What do feedstuff categories include? | Forages (roughages), Concentrates, Byproducts, Mineral and vitamin supplements, Nonnutritive additives |
| What are forages? | Feeds that are made up of most or all of the plant (Large amount of fiber, low energy density, and high bulk) |
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Acraft02
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