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VET 115 Week 1
Feeding disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F: All ruminants are very similar when it comes to diseases and disorders of the digestive tract | True |
| What are the symptoms of Bloat (Ruminal Tympany)? | Distention of the left and then right flank, Hyper salivation, Excess froth or gas accumulation in the rumen, Respiratory distress due to the pressure on the diaphragm, Cyanosis, Death |
| What causes bloat? | Change in pasture with lots of fertilizer, Genetics, Bacterial overgrowth, Overeating, Obstruction, Protein being digested quicker forming chloroplasts which then aid in microbial fermentation |
| How can bloat be prevented? | Feed coarse grasses or dry forage before turnout to overgrown pastures, avoid straight pastures, keep stock on pasture all the time, allow full access to water and salt, watch grass(legume) exposure for all ruminants |
| What are the symptoms of Enterotoxaemia? | Circling, Progressive weakness, Head butting, Convulsions, Death |
| T/F: Enterotoxaemia is a severe disease of sheep and goats | True |
| What is often the first signs of Enterotoxaemia? | Death |
| What causes Enterotoxaemia? | Faster-growing young, Clostridium perfringens C&D, Excess consumption of high-energy feeds or lush pasture or heavy milk supply, Grain:Protein:Starch:Sugar |
| How is Enterotoxaemia prevented? | Vaccination |
| What type of Enterotoxaemia vaccine is used for lambs? | Clostridium perfringens Type D |
| What type of Enterotoxaemia vaccine is used for breeding ewes? | Clostridium perfringens Type C and Type D |
| What causes Fescue Toxicosis (Fescue Foot)? | Endophyte Fungus |
| T/F: Fescue Toxicosis mostly affects Cattle and Sheep | True |
| What are the symptoms of Fescue Toxicosis? | Lameness, Necrosis of tail end, Milk production lowered, Abortion |
| What seasons does Fescue Toxicosis commonly occur during? | Fall and winter |
| How is Fescue Toxicosis prevented? | Avoid heavy parasitism and malnutrition, Use fungus-free fescue seed for planting, dilute pastures with other grass is fescue grass is planted |
| What are the symptoms of Grass Tetany/Hypomagnesemia? | Disorientation/behavior change, Paddling, convulsions, muscle twitching, Hypersensitive, stiff gait, PU, 'off' |
| Which cows is Grass Tetany/Hypomagnesemia more common in? | Older cows (4+) |
| What are the causes of Grass Tetany/Hypomagnesemia? | Pastures with low magnesium, high potassium, and low calcium availability |
| How is Grass Tetany/Hypomagnesemia prevented? | Provide magnesium 30 days before high risk time, Increase magnesium in lactating older cows and ewes, Molasses supplement with magnesium |
| What seasons are higher risk for Grass Tetany/Hypomagnesemia? | Spring, Winter, and fall |
| How is Grass Tetany/Hypomagnesemia treated? | Calcium magnesium IV |
| What are the early symptoms of Milk fever/Parturition Paresis/Hypocalcemia? | Generalized muscle tremors, Ear twitching, Head bobbing, Excitable and hypersensitive, Ataxia, Vocalization |
| What are the advanced symptoms of Milk fever/Parturition Paresis/Hypocalcemia? | Anorexia, Subnormal temperature, Down cow with head turned to one side, Atonic anal sphincter, Lack of borborygmus, Tachycardia, Death (if untreated) |
| What are the causes of Milk fever/Parturition Paresis/Hypocalcemia? | Post calving in high producing cows |
| How is Milk fever/Parturition Paresis/Hypocalcemia prevented? | Feed high in phosphorus ration, low in calcium 14 days before parturition, Feed a balanced calcium/phosphorus ration, Vitamin D intake provided 1 week before parturition, Avoid obesity |
| What causes displaced abomasum's? | Pregnancy, Lack of bulk in diet, Sudden jarring of fresh cows, Poor muscle tone, Mycotoxin exposure |
| What are the symptoms of a displaced abomasum? | Low appetite, Low milk production, Diarrhea, discolored feces |
| How can a displaced abomasum be prevented? | Avoid acidosis or alkalosis, Eliminate or reduce moldy or mycotoxin - laden feeds |
| What are the symptoms of ketosis? | Low milk production, Low appetite, Sugary-acid breath, Low body weight, Frequent urination, Trembling, Collapse |
| When do the symptoms of ketosis appear in cattle? | 14-50 days after parturition |
| When do the symptoms of ketosis appear in sheep? | 2 weeks after parturition |
| What is the cause of ketosis? | Multiple births (ewes and does), Rapid loss of body fat and low availability of carbohydrates in diet |
| How can ketosis be prevented? | Maintain lean body condition and avoid excess fat, higher energy intake before parturition and lower after parturition, avoid sudden changes in the physical nature of the feeds |
| When are ewes are risk for ketosis? | Before lambing |
| When are cows at risk or ketosis? | After calving |
| What is ketosis associated with in small ruminants? | Pregnancy toxemia |
| How is ketosis treated? | IV glucose, Propylene glycol NG, Glucocorticoids |
| T/F: Ketosis can not reoccur | False; Ketosis can reoccur |
| What is thiamine-deficiency polio also known as? | Polioencephalomalacia |
| What are the symptoms of thiamine-deficiency polio? | Excitable, Decreased vision, Incoordination, Stupor, Coma, Acute death |
| What are the causes of thiamine-deficiency polio? | Thiamine deficiency due to imbalance of gut flora and increase of thiaminase which decreases thiamine availability, overgrazing, feeding lambs in rich pasture |
| How is thiamine-deficiency polio prevented? | Lower grain intake while increasing roughage quality one week before allowed to graze, Increase animals intake of high energy diets, provide balanced calcium phosphorus, and vitamin D diets |
| Which animals does thiamine-deficiency polio primarily affect? | Feedlot and young cattle under 2 years old |
| What are the symptoms of rickets? | Painful gait, Leg bowing, Causes improper calcification of joints |
| What causes rickets? | Incorrect calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamin intake |
| How is rickets prevented? | Provide a balanced calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D diet, Sunlight |
| What is the prognosis for rickets? | Good without bone damage |
| What are the symptoms of Urinary Calculi/Urolithiasis/Water belly? | Difficult urination, Bloody urine, Kicking at abdomen, Rupture of bladder |
| What causes Urinary Calculi/Urolithiasis/Water belly? | Higher increase in feedlots, High potassium consumption, high phosphorus, low calcium, Vitamin A deficiency, Excess silicate intake |
| How is Urinary Calculi/Urolithiasis/Water belly prevented? | Provide readily available water, Balance phosphorus/calcium ratio, Avoid vitamin A deficiency, Have lots of salt available, balance ratios |
| Which animals are at higher risk for Urinary Calculi/Urolithiasis/Water belly? | Males |
| What are the symptoms of white muscle disease? | Dyspnea, Irregular gait, Ataxia, Hind limb paralysis, Hunched back appearance, flying scapula, heart irregularities. death |
| What is the cause of white muscle disease? | Selenium deficiency, Vitamin E deficiency, Geographic distribution, Fast growing individuals in flocks/herds |
| How is white muscle disease prevented? | Balance ratios, Increase selenium to dietary intake in known deficient areas |
Created by:
Acraft02
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