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VET 115 Week 1

Immunity & Vaccines

QuestionAnswer
Which immunity is directed against all pathogens; initial defense against invading agents? Nonspecific immunity
Which immunity follows nonspecific immunity if needed, targets a specific antigen, has memory, and arises from B- & T-lymphocytes? Specific immunity
Which immunity has T-lymphocytes that directly attack antigen? Cell-mediated immunity
Which immunity has B-lymphocytes that produce antibodies that react to antigen? Antibody-mediated immunity
What is antibody-mediated immunity also known as? Humoral immunity
Which immunity is where the immune system develops antibodies to antigens? Active immunity
What are the three ways passive immunity can occur? In utero, In newborns through colostrum, Intravenous infusion of antibody rich plasma
T/F: Passive immunity lasts for a long time False; Passive immunity lasts for a short time
How is active immunity acquired? Antigen activates B- & T-loymphocytes
How is passive immunity acquired? Animal receives antibodies from another animal
How is natural immunity acquired? Normal biological experiences
How is artificial immunity acquired? Medical procedures
What are the types of vaccines? Killed/Inactivated, Attenuated (Modified-live), Live, Recombinant, Toxoids, Antitoxins, Antiserum, Autogenous
What are Monovalent vaccines? Vaccines with only a single antigen present
What are polyvalent vaccines? Vaccines with multiple antigens present
What are antiserum vaccines? Antibody-rich serum obtained from a hypersensitized or actually infected animal
What are autogenous vaccines? Vaccines produced for a specific disease in a specific area from a sick animal
What are antitoxin vaccines? Antibodies obtained from an animal that has been hypersensitized to neutralized toxins
What are toxoid vaccines? Deactivated by heat or chemicals, and is still able to stimulate antibody production for specific toxins
What are recombinant vaccines? DNA from the causative agent is inserted into another microorganism
What are live vaccines? Vaccines made from live microorganisms that may be fully virulent
What are attenuated vaccines? Microorganisms are attenuated which decreases virulence
What are Inactivated vaccines? Made from microbes, microbe parts, or microbe by-products chemically treated or heated to kill the microbe
T/F: All vaccine reactions must be recorded in the medical record True
T/F: Preventive health is specific to the needs of the herd True
What is onset of immunity? How long is takes for an animal to develop immunity
What is the duration of immunity? Length of time an animal retains adequate level of immunity to protect itself
Created by: Acraft02
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