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VET 111- sm. animal
Small Exotic Pet Diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Malocclusion | disease that can happen to rabbits, also known as "slobbers." Is when the incisors and cheek teeth are overgrown, can cause oral abscesses. Teeth need trimmed and to be not bred. |
| Pasteurellosis | disease in rabbits known as "snuffles." Is difficult to cure. CS include: nasal/ocular discharge, dyspnea, sneezing, rough hair coat. Can be treated with antibiotics and supportive care. |
| Scurvy | a disease in guinea pigs that occurs w/ lack of vitamin C. Causes defects in collagen synthesis and clotting ability. |
| Scurvy (CS) | CS; appears 1-2 weeks after deficiency occurs, reluctance to move, opportunistic infections, unkempt appearance, sudden death. |
| Scurvy (Dx and Tx) | Dx: CS's and Hx of improper diet Tx: daily administration of vitamin C for 1-2 weeks |
| Scurvy (info) | info: vitamin C is unstable and only viable in food for 90 days, supplement vitamin C with fresh fruits and veggies, treats, and vitamin C supplements. |
| Wet Tail | disease seen in rodents, commonly hamsters. Has a high morbidity and mortality. Caused by stress, transport, overcrowding, sx, diet changes. |
| Wet Tail (CS, Dx, Tx) | CS: diarrhea in cage and on perineal area giving fur a "wet" look Dx: PE and culturing the lesions Tx: supportive care: fluids/electrolytes Prevented by good sanitation, stress reduction, no overcrowding |
| Adrenal Gland Disease (Hyperadrenocoriticism) | disease in ferrets caused by hyperplasia, adenoma, or adenocarcinoma of adrenal resulting in increased production of steroids. Most common endocrine disease in older ferrets. |
| Adrenal Gland Disease (CS) | CS: progressive bilateral alopecia, sometimes pruritus, enlarged vulva, urethral obstruction in males due to enlarged prostate. |
| Adrenal Gland Disease (Dx + Tx) | Dx: clinical signs, palpation of adrenal glands, CBC/Chemistry, Ultrasound. Tx: sx removal of diseases gland (best option) or medical management (rarely successful) |
| Insulinoma | disease common in middle-aged to older ferrets. Is when excessive levels of insulin are produced and results in decreased levels of blood glucose. |
| Insulinoma (CS + Dx) | CS: hypoglycemia, weakness, seizures, muscle fasciculations, hypothermia. Dx: blood glucose levels less than 60mg/dl, ultrasound/rads that locate mass in liver if metastasized. |
| Insulinoma (Tx) | Tx: apply corn syrup on mucous membranes of oral cavity, prednisone to increase blood glucose, feed frequent small meals and avoid fasting, sx is not curative but can slow progression. |
| Canine Distemper | disease that ferrets are highly susceptible to, has high mortality, ferrets housed w/ dogs need vaccs. |
| Canine Distemper (CS) | CS: -early: chin dermatitis to thick brown crusting of eyelids/nose, hyperkeratosis -intermediate: fever, anorexia, mucopurulent ocular/nasal discharge, pneumonia, rectal prolapse -end stage: seizures, ataxia, coma, hypersalivation, "screaming fits" |
| Canine Distemper (Dx + Tx) | Dx: hx of unvaccinated animal w/ exposure, PE, CS's, Ab titer will provide definitive diagnosis. Tx: supportive care, 100% mortality, ferrets die within 10-14 days post CS's. |
| Human Influenza | disease that's zoonotic between ferrets and humans, self-limiting (7-10 days), vaccination not recommended. |
| Capture Stress | this can cause acute death in birds, excessive epinephrine release can cause heart failure, aortic rupture. Prevented by avoiding prolonged effort capturing bird, darken the room and let the bird rest before trying again. |
| Internal Parasites | common in chickens and turkeys, not major problem for indoor birds. Includes: Giardia, Eimeria, Isospora. CS: diarrhea, wt loss, decreased egg production. |
| Internal Parasite (Dx + Tx) | Dx: fecal float/smear, CS's Tx: Ivermectin for helminths or metronidazole for coccidian, clean environment, remove source of infection. |
| Psittacosis | “Parrot Fever” caused by Chlamydia psittici (intracellular bacteria), affects all avian species but Amazons and Macaws are more susceptible. Zoonotic in people and birds, reportable disease, may require hospitalization. |
| Psittacosis (CS, Dx, + Tx) | CS: diarrhea, anorexia, depression, conjunctivitis, sneezing. Dx: CS's, cytology, ELISA, CBC shows severe leukocytosis Tx: Tetracycline or doxycycline, supportive care. |
| Psittacosis (info) | info: Newly acquired birds should be quarantined and tested for Chlamydia, treatment may eliminate shedding of bacteria, but bird may remain a carrier for life. |
| Air Sacculitis and Pneumonia | Birds have a series of air sacs connected to the lungs, inflammation due to fumes from burning nonstick Teflon, paint, perfumes, smoke, and other household chemicals |
| Air Sacculitis and Pneumonia (CS, Dx, + Tx) | CS: dyspnea, nasal discharge, cough, sneeze, tail bobbing, open mouth breathing, abnormal voice/breathing. Dx: CS, PE, Hx, rads Tx: oxygen therapy, nebulization (fine spray) delivery of antibiotics, removal of toxin |
| Gout | disease in birds and reptiles, is when the kidneys clear uric acid from the blood, and when blood uric acid levels increase, uric acid crystals (urates) precipitate into body fluids and tissues (called tophi). |
| Gout (causes and CS) | causes: excessive dietary protein, dehydration, renal disease, misuse of nephrotoxic drugs. CS: swollen painful joints, anorexia, lethargy. |
| Gout (Dx, Tx, prevention) | Dx: rads, elevated blood uric acid levels, tophi in joints or on viscera. Tx: poor prognosis, can try Allopurinol prevention: proper diet and temp, access to fresh water |
| Pneumonia | Common in reptiles, caused by poor husbandry, inadequate diet, cool temperatures, poor sanitation, bacteria. |
| Pneumonia (CS + Tx) | CS: open mouth breathing, extensions of neck to facilitate breathing, discharge from nares, anorexia. Tx: increase temp, antibiotics, fluids/force feed. |
| Metabolic/Nutritional Bone Disease | disease in lizards caused by lack of exposure to sunlight to form Vit. D, lack of calcium in diet, feeding crickets, meal worms without supplementation of calcium. |
| Metabolic/Nutritional Bone Disease (CS + Tx) | CS: bone deformities, pathologic bone fractures, muscle weakness. Tx: natural sunlight, ultraviolet B transmitting lights, dust crickets with calcium carbonate. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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