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VET 111- sm. animal
Respiratory Diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Respiratory Tract Function | -removes carbon dioxide from blood stream -transports oxygen to bloodstream -temperature regulation -pH regulation |
| Normal Defense Mechanisms | -coughing, sneezing, mucociliary escalator, inflammation |
| Rhinitis (CS and Tx) | CS: serous/mucoid/mucopurulent nasal discharge, sneezing/pawing at nose, encrustation of nares, often related to other respiratory diseases. Tx: clean nares, sooting ointment, treat underlying disease |
| Mucopurulent | containing both mucus and pus |
| Epistaxis | nose bleed, can be caused by nasal tumor, trauma, foreign body, fungal infection, coagulation problem (rat poison). Dx: by a radiograph, endoscopy, biopsy. |
| Epistaxis (Tx) | Tx: stop the bleeding. Pressure, cold pack, packing, Vitamin K if coagulation is a problem, tumor removal, antifungal drug (Itraconazole). |
| Sinusitis | frontal or maxillary sinus inflammation, often a tooth root abscess. |
| Sinusitis (CS) | CS: unilateral nasal discharge, swelling under eye |
| Sinusitis (Dx) | Dx: exam nasal and oral cavities, radiographs, culture and sensitivity. |
| Sinusitis (Tx) | Tx: antibiotics or anti-fungal, root canal or tooth extraction. |
| Infection K9 Tracheobronchitis | canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica plus others, "multifactorial." Happens when there is exposure to other animals (kennels). |
| Infection K9 Tracheobronchitis (CS) | CS: dry hacking cough, severe form have dyspnea and tachypnea. |
| Infection K9 Tracheobronchitis (Tx) | Tx: mild form is self-limiting, but the severe form requires antibiotics and cough suppressants. |
| Infection K9 Tracheobronchitis (info) | info: is self-limiting usually in 2-3 weeks, best to vaccinate 2-3 weeks prior to boarding/grooming. |
| Feline Rhinotracheitis | caused by herpes virus, high morbidity and moderate mortality, severe in young cats, usually inactivated in environment within 24 hours, cats can shed up to 3 weeks post infection. |
| Feline Rhinotracheitis (CS) | CS: sneezing, conjunctivitis, fever, depression, anorexia, excessive salivation. Dx is clinical signs. |
| Feline Rhinotracheitis (Tx) | Tx: supportive care (fluids, force feed), decrease stress, antibiotics. Prevented by vaccinating. |
| Feline Rhinotracheitis (info) | info: this is highly contagious, can see mild disease in vaccinated cats, o can be a mechanical vector (fomite), warming food may improve food consumption, only affects cats. |
| Feline Calcivirus | acute, highly contagious virus, relatively rare. Is resistant to disinfectants and survive several days in the environment. Usually in group housed cats/shelters and has a 60% death rate within 24 hours. |
| Feline Calcivirus (CS) | CS: fever, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, ulcers and skin loss on face/feet/nose, serous ocular/nasal d/c, oral ulcers with salivation, high fever. Dx is clinical signs |
| Feline Calcivirus (Rx) | Rx: supportive care and antibiotics, prevented by vaccinating. |
| Feline Calcivirus (info) | info: highly contagious, recovered kittens usually develop a chronic carrier state and often shed virus for months to years. |
| Collasping Trachea | an airway disease where the tracheal rings collapse during respiration, is idiopathic. Middle age-old, obese, toy and miniature breeds are susceptible. CS is a honking cough. |
| Idiopathic | relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown. |
| Collapsing Trachea (Dx) | Dx: tracheal palpation, rads, bronchoscopy. |
| Collapsing Trachea (Tx) | Tx: drugs to slow breathing + reduce inflammation, surgical implantation of external prosthesis, wt loss, harness instead of collar, reduce inhaled irritants and cigarette smoke, requires life long management. |
| Feline Asthma/Chronic Bronchitis | this airway disease can cause allergic reactions, bronchoconstriction, chronic airway inflammation. |
| Feline Asthma (CS) | CS: can be acute or chronic, severe tachypnea (abnormal rapid breathing), dyspnea (labored breathing), open mouth breathing, wheeze, cough. |
| Feline Asthma (Dx and Rx) | Dx: CS, Hx, rads, bronchoscopy Rx: oxygen, corticosteroids, bronchodilators |
| Feline Asthma (info) | info: decrease allergen exposure, cigarettes smoke, dusty litter, hair spray, air fresheners can worsen. Periodic to continuous treatment is required, cure is usually not possible. |
| Pleural Effusion | a lower respiratory disease- accumulation of fluid (transudate or exudate) in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. Caused by congestive heart failure, infection, neoplasia. |
| Pleural Effusion (CS) | CS: dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, pleural pain. |
| Pleural Effusion (Dx) | Dx: rads, thoracocentesis (Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs.) |
| Pleural Effusion (Tx) | Tx: treat underlying disease, treatment can be long term and expensive. |
| Pulmonary Edema | a lower respiratory disease- accumulation of fluid in lungs, caused by decreased oncotic pressure, heart failure, electrocution, etc. |
| Pulmonary Edema (CS and Dx) | CS: dyspnea and tachypnea, coughing. Dx: rads |
| Pulmonary Edema (Tx) | Tx: oxygen, diuretics (Lasix), treat underlying causes. |
| Pneumonia | a lower respiratory disease- inflammation of the lungs with consolidation, usually an infectious cause. Can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or from aspiration of food materials. |
| Pneumonia (CS) | CS: dyspnea and tachypnea, coughing, fever, anorexia. |
| Pneumonia (Dx) | Dx: CBC, rads, +/- tracheal wash, +/- culture and sensitivity. |
| Pneumonia (Tx) | Tx: antimicrobials as needed, hydration, oxygen. |
| Pulmonary Neoplasia | lower respiratory disease, primary neoplasia is uncommon and happens to dogs 9-12 years old. Metastatic tumors are more common from osteosarcoma, mammary gland, thyroid, or lymphoma cancer. |
| Pulmonary Neoplasia (CS) | CS: cough, exercise intolerance, wt loss |
| Pulmonary Neoplasia (Dx and Tx) | Dx: rads, biopsy of primary tumor Tx: sx, chemotherapy |
| Pulmonary Neoplasia (info) | info: prognosis is guarded to grave, usually advanced disease when diagnosed. |
| Diseases in Rabbits | pneumonia and rhinitis can occur in this animal. Can also have Pasteurellosis (snuffles) which is difficult to cure. |
| Diseases in Ferrets | canine distemper and human influenza can occur in this animal. The human influenza is zoonotic between ferrets and humans. Self-limiting (7-10) days. Vaccs for distemper are recommended. |
| Diseases in Birds | air sacculitis and pneumonia can occur in this species. Periorbital swelling and infraorbital sinusitis can occur. |
| Reptile Pneumonia | pneumonia is common in this species. Is caused by poor husbandry, diet, cool temperatures, poor sanitation, and bacteria. |
| Reptile Pneumonia (CS) | CS: open mouth breathing, extension of neck to facilitate breathing, discharge from nares, anorexia. |
| Reptile Pneumonia (Tx) | Tx: increase environmental temp, antibiotics, fluids and force feed |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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