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VET 111 Week 7
Ch 12 Hemolymphatic Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of blood? | Temperature regulation, pH balance, Nutritional transport, Waste disposal, Hormone transport, Immune response |
| What makes up the cellular components of bood? | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes |
| What makes up the liquid component of blood? | Plasma |
| What percent of blood composition is cellular components? | 45% |
| What is anemia? | Not enough erythrocytes |
| T/F: Anemia is secondary to a primary disorder | True |
| T/F: Anemia can be regenerative or nonregenerative | True |
| What is hemolysis? | When immune components attach directly or indirectly to the RBC membrane and alter its structure. |
| What happens to altered RBCs with hemolysis? | Removed from systemic circulation |
| What are the clinical signs of hemolysis? | Acute exercise intolerance, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, possibly icterus |
| Hoe is hemolysis treated? | Suppress immune system (steroids), supportive therapy. |
| What should be considered when treating hemolysis? | Transfusion |
| What is a special form of immune-mediated hemolysis? | Neonatal isooerythrolysis |
| What is caused by toxicity from onions? | Hemoglobin denaturization and Heinz bodies in RBCs causes cells to not function properly |
| How long can clinical signs from onion toxicity be delayed? | Several days |
| T/F: The specific cause for Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia is known. | False; the specific cause is unknown |
| What happens with Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia? | Antibodies attach to RBC membrane, triggers destruction and removal of RBCs |
| What age of dogs does Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia affect? | 2-8 years of age |
| What are clinical signs of Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia? | Anorexia, Listlessness/Weakness, Depression, Tachycardia/Tachypnea, Possible icterus, Possible hepatomegaly/splenomegaly, Pale mucous membranes |
| How is Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia diagnosed? | CBC (Leukocytosis, regenerative anemia), Direct Coombs Test |
| How is Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia treated? | Oxygen therapy, Steroids (to manage immune response), Cimetidine, sucralfate (to prevent ulcers), Heparin (to prevent thromboembolism or DIC) |
| What percent of dogs die despite aggressive treatment? | 30% to 40% |
| T/F: Relapses with Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia are common | True |
| T/F: The specific cause for Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP) is unknown | True |
| What happens with Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP)? | Antibodies attach to PLT membrane, triggers destruction and removal. |
| What age of dogs does Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP) affect? | 5-6 years of age |
| What are the clinical signs of Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP)? | Epistaxis, Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on skin and mucosal surfaces, weakness, lethargy |
| How is Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP) diagnosed? | CBC (low platelets) |
| How is Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP) treated? | Prednisone, Vincristine, Platelet-rich transfusion (plasma) |
| What is the most common inherited disorder of hemostasis in dogs? | von Willebrand Disease |
| What is the von Willebrand factor? | Promotes platelet clumping |
| What about von Willebrand Disease results in a bleeding disorder? | Decreased amounts of vWF |
| T/F: von Willebrand Disease is hereditary. | True |
| What breed of dog should not be used for breeding because of von Willebrand Disease? | Doberman Pinscher |
| What should be performed in dogs with von Willebrand Disease before surgery? | Buccal mucosal bleeding time |
| What are the clinical signs of von Willebrand Disease? | Easy bruising, Prolonged bleeding during estrus, prolonged bleeding from venipuncture. |
| How is von Willebrand Disease diagnosed? | Prolonged BMBT >4 mins, low levels of vWF in plasma (send out test - can take weeks) |
| How is von Willebrand Disease treated? | Plasma transfusion or desmopressin intraoperatively |
| T/F: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is life-threatening | True |
| What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)? | Widespread, excessive activation of clotting proteins |
| T/F: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is secondary to an underlying disease. | True |
| What are the clinical signs of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)? | Petechiae and ecchymoses |
| How is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) diagnosed? | Coagulation panel including fibrinogen |
| How is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) treated? | Heparin, IV fluids, Plasma transfusion |
| What is the prognosis for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)? | Guarded to poor. |
| What is the most common poisoning seen in dogs and cats? | Rodenticide toxicity |
| What does ingestion of rodenticide cause? | Coagulopathy |
| What does rodenticide toxicity inhibit the recycling of? | Potassium |
| When do clinical signs for rodenticide toxicity start to appear? | 3 to 5 days post-ingestion |
| How is rodenticide diagnosed? | Presenting CS, PE, and Hx; APTT, ACT, PT times are increased, Radiographs, Positive response to vitamin K therapy |
| How is rodenticide toxicity treated if ingestion is recent? | Emetics, activated charcoal, and cathartic. |
| What is ehrlichiosis? | rickettsi (bacteria) |
| What is ehrlichiosis spread by? | Brown dog tick |
| Where is ehrlichiosis common? | Southeastern and southwestern US |
| What are the clinical signs of ehrlichiosis? | Depression, anorexia, fever, weight loss, edema of limbs or scrotum, Lymphadenopathy |
| How is ehrlichiosis diagnosed? | Screening, hematology, blood smear |
| What is used to treat ehrlichiosis? | Doxycycline |
| What percent of all feline blood tumors are feline lymphoma? | 90% |
| How many feline lymphomas are FeLV induced? | Most |
| What are the three types of lymphoma? | Mediastinal, Alimentary, Multicentric |
| What is the most common form of lymphoma? | Multicentric |
| How is feline lymphoma diagnosed? | Cytology (FNA or biobsy) |
| How is feline lymphoma treated? | Chemotherapy |
| What can treating feline lymphoma with radiation cause? | leukopenia |
| What is the average survival time for feline lymphoma? | 2 mo - 2 yr |
| T/F: Any Feline lymphoma patient will relapse eventually | True |
| What is the most common blood tumor in dogs? | Malignant lymphoma |
| What is the remission rate for canine lymphoma? | up to 90% |
| What are the clinical signs of canine lymphoma? | Enlarged peripheral lymph nodes, lethargy, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea |
| How is canine lymphoma diagnosed? | Cytology or biopsy |
| What is the treatment for canine lymphoma? | Chemotherapy |
| When canine lymphoma is not treated, how long do they have until they die? | within 4 to 6 weeks of dx |
| How long do they have with treatment? | 2 to 6 months or longer |
| What does Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) interact with and changing their ability to function normally? | Lymphocytes |
| What does FIV cause? | Lymphopenia |
| T/F: FIV is endemic in most of the US | True |
| What are the clinical signs of FIV? | Febrile episodes, Lymphadenopathy, Persistent or recurrent infection, weight loss, ocular lesions |
| How is FIV diagnosed? | SNAP test in-house, Serology (Idexx) |
| How is FIV treated? | Supportive care |
| How is FIV prevented? | Keep cats indoors |
| T/F: FIV is zoonotic | False; FIV is not zoonotic |
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