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VET 111 Week 6
Musculoskeletal Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two classifications of long bone fractures? | Open (compound) and Closed (simple) |
| What are comminuted fractures? | Breaks/splinters of the bone into more than two fragments |
| What percent of long bone fractures are the result of motor vehicle accidents? | 75% |
| What are the clinical signs of long bone fractures? | History of trauma, Pain, lameness, crepitus, swelling at site |
| What are the types of bone fractures? | Transverse, Linear, Oblique (nondisplaced, displaced), Spiral, Greenstick, Comminuted |
| How are long bone fractures diagnosed? | Radiographs, opposite limb for comparison |
| What should be treated first when dealing with a long bone fracture? | Hemorrhage |
| How long should activity be restricted while a bone is healing from a long bone fracture? | 5 to 8 weeks |
| What ligament is most common to tear or rupture? | Cranial cruciate ligament |
| Instability with cruciate ligament rupture can lead to what? | Degenerative joint disease |
| What are the clinical signs of cruciate ligament rupture? | Acute onset, non-weight bearing, pain, swelling |
| How are cruciate ligament ruptures diagnosed? | Cranial drawer, tibial thrust, radiographs ( cranial position of tibial plateau) |
| How are cruciate ligament ruptures treated? | Restricted exercise and medical management, surgical stabilization, lateral suture, TPLO, TTA, physical rehabilitation |
| How can clients prevent cruciate ligament ruptures? | Weight reduction, appropriate exercise |
| What breeds are predisposed to patellar luxation? | Toy, miniature, and large breeds |
| T/F: Patellar Luxation is usually bilateral but can be unilateral if traumatic | True |
| What are the clinical signs of patellar luxation? | Abnormal gait, Intermittent hind limb lameness; shake their leg out |
| How is patellar luxation diagnosed? | Palpation while knee flexed, radiographs |
| How is patellar luxation treated? | Medical management, surgery |
| What is also known as DJD or Osteoarthritis (OA)? | Degenerative Joint Disease |
| What us Degenerative Joint Disease? | Progressive long-term deterioration of the joint cartilage, causing damage around the joint |
| What species is Degenerative Joint Disease more common in? | Dogs |
| What are the causes of Degenerative Joint Disease? | Age and use, infection, trauma, developmental dystrophies, obesity, or autoimmune conditions. |
| T/F: Degenerative Joint Disease clinical signs become more prominent with exercise, weather changes, or inactivity. | True |
| How is Degenerative Joint Disease diagnosed? | Clinical signs and history, radiographs, arthrocentesis |
| How is Degenerative Joint Disease treated? | Palliative ( weight loss; limit exercise; anti-inflammatories, analgesics), Specialized diets, Physical therapy, Arthrodesis or joint replacement |
| What breeds are susceptible to hip dysplasia? | Large breeds |
| What are the clinical signs of hip dysplasia? | Difficulty in rising, stiffness, waddling gate, lameness, atrophy og muscles, pain on palpation |
| How is hip dysplasia diagnosed? | Radiographs |
| How is hip dysplasia treated? | Weight loss and moderate exercise, Medical management, surgery |
| What is the only real cure for hip dysplasia? | Surgery |
| What is dislocation of the femoral head? | Hip luxation |
| What is the most common type of hip luxation? | Craniodorsal |
| What are the clinical signs of hip luxation? | History of trauma, acute lameness |
| How is hip luxation treated? | Closed/open reduction |
| What is an osteosarcoma? | Malignant tumor of bone |
| T/F: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in dogs and cats | True |
| Which dogs are most common for osteosarcomas? | Middle aged to old dogs |
| What are the clinical signs of osteosarcomas? | Lameness, pain, weight loss, swelling over limb |
| How are osteosarcomas diagnosed? | Radiograph of bone, thoracic radiograph, biopsy |
| What is the treatment for osteosarcomas? | Amputation and chemotherapy |
Created by:
Acraft02
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