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VETT 118 - Week 3
Skeletal and Muscular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ossification | The formation of bone from fibrous tissue |
| Osteoblasts | Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue. |
| Osteoclasts | Phagocytic cells that eat away bone tissue from the medullary cavity of long bones. |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells. |
| Hematopoietic | Describes red bone marrow where RBCs, WBCs, and clotting cells are formed. |
| Medullary Cavity | The inner space of bone in a long bone and contains yellow bone marrow |
| Cartilage | Connective tissue that is more elastic than bone. |
| Articular Cartilage | Covers the joint surfaces of bones. |
| Meniscus | A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the canine stifle. It cushions the force applied to the joint. |
| Joints or Articulations | Connections between bones |
| Synarthroses | A joint that allows no movement usually united with fibrous connective tissue like a suture |
| Amphiarthroses | A joint that allows slight movement (semimovable), like a symphysis. Ex: the mandibular symphasis |
| Diarthroses | A joint that allows free movement |
| Suture | A jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint. Typically found in the skull |
| Fontanelle | A soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth |
| Symphasis | A joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone. Cartilaginous joint |
| Mandibular Symphasis | Where the halves of the mandible have fused to form one bone |
| Pubic Symphasis | Where the halves of the pelvis have fused to become whole. |
| Synovial Joints | A type of diarthroses |
| Enarthrosis | Ball-and-socket or spheroid joint. Allow a wide range of motion in many directions. Ex: hip and shoulder |
| Arthrodial/Condyloid | Joints with oval projections that fit into a socket. Ex: carpal joints |
| Trochoid | Pulley-shaped joints. Ex: connection between atlas and axis |
| Hinge | Joint that allows motion in one plane or direction. Ex: Stifle and elbow |
| Gliding | Joints that move or glide over each other. Ex: radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae |
| Saddle | Joints that primates have that allows the thumb to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct. |
| Ligament | Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone to help stabilize joints. |
| Tendon | Band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone to help the animal move. |
| Bursa | Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction. Ex: in the shoulder there is a bursa where the tendon passes over bone |
| Synovial Membrane | Inner lining of Bursae and synovial joints that secretes synovial fluid. |
| Synovial fluid | Acts as lubricant to make joint movement smooth. |
| Axial Skeleton | The framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, sternum. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | The framework of the body that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle |
| Tibia | The larger long bone of the distal hind limb. More weight-bearing |
| Fibula | The smaller long bone of the distal hind limb. |
| Crus | The area of the rear limb between the stifle and the hock. |
| Tarsus/Hock | Similar to the joint of the ankle in humans. Tarsus is SA, Hock is LA |
| Calcaneus | The long, lateral tarsal bone located in the proximal row of tarsal bones. |
| aperture | opening |
| canal | tunnel |
| condyle | rounded projection (that articulates with another bone) |
| crest | high projection or border projection |
| crista | ridge |
| dens | toothlike structure |
| eminence | surface projection |
| facet | smooth area |
| fissure | deep cleft |
| foramen | hole |
| fossa | trench or hollow depressed area |
| fovea | small pit |
| head | major protrusion |
| lamina | thin, flat plate |
| line | low projection or ridge |
| malleolus | rounded projection (distal end of tibia and fibula) |
| meatus | passage or opening |
| process | projection |
| protuberance | projecting part |
| ramus | branch or smaller structure given off by a larger structure |
| sinus | space or cavity |
| spine | sharp projection |
| sulcus | groove |
| suture | seam |
| trochanter | broad, flat, projection (on femur) |
| trochlea | pulley-shaped structure in which other structures pass or articulate |
| tubercle | small, rounded surface projection |
| tuberosity | projecting part |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for analysis |
| arthrography | injection of a joint with contrast material for radiographic examination |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the joint using a fiberoptic scope (called an arthroscope when used in the joint) |
| densitometer | device that measures bone density using light and x-rays |
| goniometer | instrument that measures angles or range of motion in a joint (goni/o means angle or seed) |
| radiology | study of internal body structures after exposure to ionizing radiation; used to detect fractures and diseases of bones. |
| ankylosis | loss of joint mobility caused by disease, injury, or surgery ankyl/o means bent or stiff |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthrodynia | joint pain |
| arthropathy | joint disease |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| chondromalacia | abnormal cartilage softening |
| chondropathy | cartilage disease |
| discospondylitis | inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae |
| epiphysitis | inflammation of the growth plate |
| exostosis | benign growth on the bone surface |
| gouty arthritis | joint inflammation associated with the formation of uric acid crystals in the joint (seen more commonly in birds) |
| hip dysplasia | abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly. |
| avulsion fracture | broken bone in which the site of muscle, tendon, or ligament insertion is detached by a forceful pull |
| callus | bulging deposit around the area of a bone fracture that may eventually become bone |
| closed fracture | broken bone in which there is no open wound in the skin; also known as a simple fracture |
| comminuted fracture | broken bone that is splintered or crushed into multiple pieces |
| compression fracture | broken bone produced when the bones are pressed together |
| crepitation | cracking sensation that is felt and heart when broken bones move together |
| displaced fracture | bone fracture parts are out of line |
| greenstick fracture | bone that is broken only on one side and the other is bent |
| oblique fracture | broken bone that has an angular break diagonal to the long axis |
| open fracture | broken bone in which there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture |
| pathologic fracture | broken bone in an area of bone weakened by disease |
Created by:
MeganNichols1027
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