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VET 111- sm. animal

Musculoskeletal + Neurological Diseases (chp. 11)

TermDefinition
Long Bone Fractures this type of fracture has 2 different types: open (compound) or closed (simple). Or can be comminuted. 75% of these cases are results of car accidents.
Comminuted break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments
Long Bone Fractures (CS) CS: history of trauma, pain, lameness, crepitus, swelling at site
Crepitus a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone.
Long Bone Fractures (Dx) Dx: radiographs (two views), opposite limb for comparision
Long Bone Fractures (Tx) Tx: HBC - shock, hemorrhage, treat this first! Reduction/fixation of fracture, can use: splint, cast, IM pin, wire, plate, external fixation.
Splint mold of soft material around the fracture area, holds the fragments in a reduced position during healing. Must have adequate padding and kept clean/dry.
Cast has the same function as a splint, made of hard material (plaster, plastic)
Intramedullary Pins provide rigidity to fracture site but do not control rotation, always used in combination with another reduction, fixation method.
Bone Plates work well for comminuted fractures
Info about Long Bone Fractures -activity restricted while bone healing, leash walk/cage rest for 5-8 weeks. -report any swelling/heat/drainage -follow-up rads
Cruciate Ligament Rupture this joint stabilizes the stifle joint and is the most common tear/rupture. Instability leads to degenerative joint disease. Middle-aged/inactive/athletic dogs are susceptible.
Cruciate Ligament Rupture (CS) CS: acute onset, on-weight bearing, pain, swelling.
Cruciate Ligament Rupture (Dx) Dx: cranial drawer, tibial thrust, radiographs in cranial position of tibial plateua.
Cruciate Ligament Rupture (Tx) Tx: restricted exercise and medical Mgmt, surgical stabilization lateral suture, physical rehabilitation.
Info about Cruciate Ligament Rupture -restricted exercise for 3-4 wks post-op, full exercise at 8-12 wks. -Opposite cruciate frequently ruptures within one year -degenerative arthritis develops even with stabilization.
Patellar Luxation this happens to miniature/large breeds of dogs early in life, patella does not stay seated in the patellar groove in the femur. Usually bilateral, unilateral if traumatic.
Patellar Luxation (CS) CS: abnormal gait (knock-kneed or cow-hocked), intermittent hind limb lameness; shake their leg out
Patellar Luxation (Dx) Dx: palpation while knee is flexed, radiographs.
Patellar Luxation (Tx) Tx: medical management for mild cases: NSAIDs, passive flexion/extension of leg. Surgery is also an option
Info about Patellar Luxation -even with sx, the animal will probably have some degenerative changes in the joint later in life.
Degenerative Joint Disease also called DJD or Osteoarthritis (OA), progressive long-term deterioration of the joint cartilage causing damage around the joint. More common in dogs.
Degenerative Joint Disease (Causes) Causes: age and use, infection, trauma, developmental dystrophies, obesity, or autoimmune conditions.
Degenerative Joint Disease (CS) CS: lameness, muscle atrophy, joint inflammation, crepitus, decrease in activity, and gait change. Becomes more prominent with exercise, weather changes, or inactivity.
Degenerative Joint Disease (Dx) Dx: presumptive dx made based on presenting clinical signs and history, rads, or arthrocentesis
Arthrocentesis yield synovitis with mild changes in clarity, cell counts, and color.
Degenerative Joint Disease (Tx) Tx: palliative: wt loss, limit exercise, anti-inflammatories, analgesics. Specilized diets w/ glucosamine, physical therapy, arthrodesis or joint replacement.
SLIDE 20
Created by: Riley.Scherf
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