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VET 111- sm. animal
Integumentary Diseases- chp 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ectoparasites | -ear mites, fleas, ticks, mites, lice, flies |
| Ear Mites | "Otodectes cynotis," live on the surface of the skin in the external ear canal, feed on epidermal debris. Will not spread to humans, highly contagious between animals. Can be dx using a microscope |
| Ear Mites (CS) | CS: shaking head, scratching at ear, ear canal filled with brown-black crusty exudate |
| Ear Exudate | drainage of blood, ear wax, pus, or fluid from the ear |
| Ear Mites (Tx) | Tx: cleaning the ear canals, removing exudate, apply mitacide into the canal (Mitoban). |
| Fleas | "Ctenocephalides spp.) blood sucking ectoparasites that feed on mammals + birds. Saliva is highly antigenic and causes this type of allergy dermatitis. Are vectors for other diseases (plague, tapeworm, etc.) |
| Fleas (CS) | CS: continually scratching/biting skin, hair loss @ base of tail or inner thigh, cats get miliary |
| Miliary | (of a disease) accompanied by a rash with lesions resembling millet seed. |
| Fleas (Tx) | Tx: treat the environment, shampooing does not provide a long term effect, dips can be slightly longer as long as the animal is not rinsed. No cure for Flea Allergy Dermatitis. |
| Ticks | blood sucking antrhopods, not species specific and will feed on humans. Live in long grasses around spring/summer. |
| Rhipicephalus | the brown dog tick, typically inhabits buildings and kennels. |
| Injuries caused by Ticks | -irritation from biting, transmit diseases (Lyme, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma) and has neurotoxin in saliva (causes tick paralysis). |
| Ticks (CS) | CS: finding the parasite on the body, arthritis-like symptoms |
| Tick Removal | this is done by using alcohol and forceps. |
| Warbles | the Cuterebra fly, lays eggs in soil then larvae penetrate skin and mature in the host's SQ tissue. Leaves a fistula or opening for larvae to breath "breathing hole." |
| Warbles (Dx) | Dx: swelling, larva can be seen in fistulas. |
| Warbles (Tx) | Tx: removal of the parasite, flush and sterilize the wound, may need antibiotics if there is a secondary skin infection. |
| Myiasis (Fly Strike) | flies that deposit eggs on wet/warm/damaged tissue, eggs hatch into larvae called maggots, they produce "punched out" skin areas and wounds. Heavy hair coats and neglected animals are susceptible. |
| Myiasis (Tx) | Tx: clip hair, flush and remove, daily cleansing, treat infected wounds. |
| Otitis Externa | inflammation of the external ear canal, can result in tympanic membrane rupture and otitis media, ear hematoma. |
| Otitis Externa (CS) | CS: head shaking, scratching at the pinna, malodorous ears, cats and rabbits will hold pinna down or tilt head. |
| Otitis Externa (PE Findings) | PE Findings: using an otoscope- redness and swelling of the ear canal, mites, crust and exudation often brown/black/purulent. |
| Purulent | consisting of, containing, or discharging pus. |
| Otitis Externa Causes | Causes: primary cause is ear mites, allergies, or foreign bodies. Secondary causes include secondary bacterial infections and yeast infections. Dx by a microscope. |
| Otitis Externa (Tx) | Tx: cleansing of ear canal daily initially, OTC ear cleansers w/ cerumenolytics/antiseptics/astringents, antibacterial/antiyeast drops, most resolve within 3-4 weeks. |
| Auricular Hematoma | collection of blood within the pinna, between the cartilage plate and surface of the ear. Appear as soft fluid-filled swellings on the concave portion of the pinna, can become thick/firm due to fibrosis. |
| Etiology | the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition. |
| Auricular Hematoma Etiology | etiology: head shaking/scratching trauma secondary to otitis externa, sinusoidal wave motions that cause small fractures of the auricular cartilage, centrifugal action causes vessels to rupture and pooling of blood. |
| Auricular Hematoma (Dx) | Dx: PE, ear cytology to r/o externa, otoscope exam to r/o parasties. |
| Auricular Hematoma (Tx) | Tx: nonsurgical draining, often recurs, incision of pinna with sutures, treat underlying otitisexterna or ear mites. |
| Auricular | relating to the ear or hearing. |
| Pyoderma | bacterial infections of the skin, can be superficial or deep. Dx w/ a skin cytology. |
| Pyoderma (Tx) | Tx: clip hair and cleanse with antibacterial solution, treat w/ topical and/or systemic drugs. (Chlorhexidine, antibiotics, and steroids for inflammation) |
| Feline Acne | condition similar to acne that develops in the sebaceous glands under the chin and around the lips of cats. Results from a blockage of skin pores, may be acute or chronic. Usually idiopathic or from plastic bowls. |
| Feline Acne (CS) | CS: visible blackheads or pimple-like pustule lesions, may be ulcerative or purulent, pruritus of the chin and alopecia. |
| Feline Acne (Tx) | Tx: medicated scrub and change to ceramic or stainless steel dishes, more severe cases may require antibiotics or lancing/flushing. |
| Atopy | condition resulting from inhalant or skin absroption of environmental allergens, characterized by production of IgE, seen in dogs+cats. Onset is within first few months to years of life, may be seasonal or year round. |
| Atopy (CS) | CS: pruritus of ears and underside of body and face, runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, saliva staining on fur, erythema, scaling, crusting, alopecia, hyperpigmentation and thickening of skin, otitis. |
| Pruritus | severe itching of the skin, as a symptom of various ailments. |
| Erythema | superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries. |
| Atopy (Dx) | Dx: presenting signs, PE, Hx, rule out other causes of dermatitis (dx of exclusion), definitive diagnosis can be gained w/ intradermal or serologic allergy testing. |
| Atopy (Tx) | Tx: immunotherapy or allergen exposure, antihistamines, corticosteroids, antibiotics, fatty acids, medicated shampoos, immunosuppressive drugs. |
| Food Allergy | reaction to an antigen in food usually a carbohydrate or protein source. Common in dogs/cats early in life. Manifests as both gastrointestinal and skin problems. |
| Food Allergy (CS) | CS: similar to atopy but is non-seasonal. Pruritus, erythema, otitis, seborrhea, pustules, self-traumatic skin lesions, secondary bacterial/fungal/ear infections. |
| Food Allergy (Dx) | Dx: CS's, PE, Hx, ruling out other dermatitis causes, strict food elimination diet, serological and ID testing are available but with questionable reliability. |
| Food Allergy (Tx) | Tx: hypoallergenic diet, limited ingredient diet, antihistamines, corticosteroids, fatty acid supplements, antibiotics for secondary infections. |
| Acute Moist Pyoderma "Hot Spot" | secondary to skin trauma (self inflicted), often caused by bacter Staphlococcus intermedius, common in hot wet months and heavy coated breeds that enjoy water. |
| Acute Moist Pyoderma (CS) | CS: rapid appearance of red hot moist painful patches, hair loss over area, severe pruritus (itching). |
| Acute Moist Dermatitis (Tx) | Tx: clip fur, gently clean area, topical or systemic antibiotics and steroids, e-collar. |
| Anal Sac Disease | three different types: Impaction, Chronic Infection, Rupture/Abscessation. |
| Anal Sac Disease (Tx) | Tx: express contents, wash with antibacterial/anti-fungal solution, infuse antibacterial ointment, oral antibiotics, steroid or pain medication. These tend to recur. |
| Histiocytoma | benign small button-like nodule, usually pink occurs almost exclusively in young dogs. |
| Histiocytoma (CS) | CS: usually hairless, may be ulcerated. Found on the face, legs, and lips. Rapidly growing (within a week). |
| Histiocytoma (Dx) | Dx: appearance, FNA, biopsy |
| Histiocytoma (Tx) | Tx: excision, usually regress on their own in a few weeks. |
| Lipoma | benign fatty tumor |
| Lipoma (CS) | usually affects older, overweight dogs. Round – oval soft, freely moveable, encapsulated subcutaneous mass Typically slow growing, but can get very large. |
| Papilloma (Wart) | smooth white elevated lesion in oral mucosa of young puppy that develops into a cauliflower-like growth. Regression occurs spontaneously, adult animals are immune for life. |
| Sebaceous Cyst | benign cyst of the sebaceous gland, occurs in dogs of any age/sex, have gray cheeselike contents. |
| Vaccine-Induced Fibrosarcome | malignant rapidly growing cancer of connective tissue following vaccine administration, typically 4-6 after vaccs, rv is top suspicion, often recur even after removal, amputation is treatment of choice. |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | raised ulcerated cauliflower-like mass with necrotic odor that occurs on non-haired areas (head, ears, nose, cat necks). Most tumors are locally invasive but slow to metastasize, recurrence after sx is common. Happens in "sunbathers." |
| Demodectic Mange | "Demosex canis," a cigar-shaped mite that lives in the hair follicles of most dogs and cats, immune system keeps mites in check unless immunocompromised/stressed/poor nutrition. Can be localized or generalized. Not human contagious. |
| Demodectic Mange (CS of localized form) | CS: alopecia on head/face/forelegs/trunk, erythema, sometimes crusting, not itchy. In young dogs under a year. |
| Demodectic Mange (CS of generalized form) | CS: febrile (fever-like), secondary bacterial infection, entire body surface involved. |
| Demodectic Mange (Dx) | Dx: skin scraping to find mite or biopsy. |
| Demodectic Mange (Tx) | Tx: most localized cases resolve spontaneously w/ no treatment. Generalized forms need Amitraz (Mitaban) to be applied weekly and until one month post negative scraping. Ivermectin daily for 30-60 days beyond negative scraping. |
| Sarcoptic Mange | intensely pruritic and highly contagious dog parasite, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Mites burrow into epidermis and cause itching and allergens. Transmitted by close contact of dogs. |
| Sarcoptic Mange (CS) | CS: happens to dogs of all ages, red crusty lesions on ears/elbows/trunk, extremely itchy, distinguishes it from Demodex because of the itching. |
| Sarcoptic Mange (Dx) | Dx: skin scrapings only positive in 20% of cases, response to scabicidal treatment. |
| Sarcoptic Mange (Tx) | Tx: Selamectin (Revolution) or Ivermectin. Will infest humans temporarily (few hours). |
| Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) | a fungus that penetrates the skin and proliferates on the surface of the hair shaft. Young/debilitated animals most susceptible. Highly contagious to humans, and shed fungal hairs remain infectious on shed hairs for 18 months. |
| Proliferate | increase rapidly in numbers; multiply. |
| Microsporum canis | the most common ringworm (Dermatophytosis) found on dogs and cats. |
| Dermatophytosis (CS) | CS: rapidly growing circular patch of alopecia, maybe red raised and crusty, frequently on head and face, hairs appear broken. |
| Dermatophytosis (Dx) | Dx: Wood's light, culture. |
| Dermatophytosis (Tx) | Tx: clip hair, antifungal topicals and/or systemics. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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