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VETT 115 - Week 2

Anesthesia Part 1

TermDefinition
Agonist Bind to receptors, exert 1+ effect Stimulates something
Antagonist Block or reverse effect of agonist
Partial Agonist Bind to receptors, exert partial/mild effect; stimulate but not as much as an agonist
Mixed agonist-antagonist Reverse effect of pure agonists; Stimulate some but block others
Anticholinergic Parasympathetic nervous system blockade; Help prevent bradycardia, hypersalivation
Examples of Anticholinergics Atropine, glycopyrrolate
Tranquilizer Used for patient restraint for minor procedures
Phenothiazine Major tranquilizer, calms and sedates before general anesthesia
Examples of Phenothiazines Acepromazine (powerful vasodilator)
Benzodiazepine Minor tranquilizer, use in combination with other agents with a wide range of effects. Can be reversed
Examples of Benzodiazepines Diazepam, midazolam, zolazepam (tiletamine and telazol).
Alpha2 Adrenergic Sedative used alone or with other opioids, dissociatives, and others; wide range of effects and many potential complications. Can be reversed
Examples of Alpha2 Adrenergics Xylazine, demedetomidine, detomidine, romifidine
Reversal agent for Xylazine Yohimbine
Reversal agent for Dexmedetomidine and Detomidine Atipamezole (Antisedan)
Opioids Narcotics; related to morphine; stimulate opioid receptors, numerous adverse effects.
Opioid Agonist Stimulate mu-receptors; effects are mostly analgesic but do cause sedation, they are mostly Class II controlled substances
Examples of Opioid Agonists Morphine, Fentanyl, Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone
Opioid Partial Agonist Exert partial activity at mu-receptors
Examples of Opioid Partial Agonists Buprenorphine
Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists Exert agonist activity (stimulation) at kappa-receptors and antagonist activity (blocking) at mu-receptors; partial reversal of sedation
Examples of Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists Butorphanol
Opioid Antagonist Reversal of opioid sedation
Examples of Opioid Antagonist Naloxone
Propofol Short-acting IV anesthetic to induce and maintain general anesthesia. Phenolic compound.
Phenolic compound
Dissociatives Cyclohexamines; Injectable anesthetic used alone, immobilizes patients for minor/brief procedures; Give with tranquilizers/sedatives to reduce adverse effects. Not analgesic. Are controlled
Examples of Dissociatives Ketamine, Tiletamine
Barbiturates Induce general anesthesia, used for treatment of seizures, and for euthanasia. Controlled substances
Examples of Barbiturates Pentobarbital sodium, Phenobarbital
Etomidate Sedative-hypnotic, short-acting injectable. Not controlled, not analgesic
Guaifenesin Glyceryl guaiacolate, muscle relaxant/sedative and expectorant.
Inhalant Anesthetics Liquid agents that are vaporized in a carrier (oxygen) and administered via breathing system.
Vapor Pressure The rate at which inhalant anesthetics evaporate
Blood-gas partition coefficient Once inhaled, how easily is it dissolved and removed from the bloodstream
MAC Minimum Alveolar Concentration; The minimum concentration in the lungs/alveoli that induces anesthesia
Halogenated anesthetics Induce/maintain anesthesia, induce dose-dependent hypotension
Examples of Halogenated Anesthetics Isoflurane, Sevoflurane
Created by: MeganNichols1027
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