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VETT 115 - Week 2
Anesthesia Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agonist | Bind to receptors, exert 1+ effect Stimulates something |
| Antagonist | Block or reverse effect of agonist |
| Partial Agonist | Bind to receptors, exert partial/mild effect; stimulate but not as much as an agonist |
| Mixed agonist-antagonist | Reverse effect of pure agonists; Stimulate some but block others |
| Anticholinergic | Parasympathetic nervous system blockade; Help prevent bradycardia, hypersalivation |
| Examples of Anticholinergics | Atropine, glycopyrrolate |
| Tranquilizer | Used for patient restraint for minor procedures |
| Phenothiazine | Major tranquilizer, calms and sedates before general anesthesia |
| Examples of Phenothiazines | Acepromazine (powerful vasodilator) |
| Benzodiazepine | Minor tranquilizer, use in combination with other agents with a wide range of effects. Can be reversed |
| Examples of Benzodiazepines | Diazepam, midazolam, zolazepam (tiletamine and telazol). |
| Alpha2 Adrenergic | Sedative used alone or with other opioids, dissociatives, and others; wide range of effects and many potential complications. Can be reversed |
| Examples of Alpha2 Adrenergics | Xylazine, demedetomidine, detomidine, romifidine |
| Reversal agent for Xylazine | Yohimbine |
| Reversal agent for Dexmedetomidine and Detomidine | Atipamezole (Antisedan) |
| Opioids | Narcotics; related to morphine; stimulate opioid receptors, numerous adverse effects. |
| Opioid Agonist | Stimulate mu-receptors; effects are mostly analgesic but do cause sedation, they are mostly Class II controlled substances |
| Examples of Opioid Agonists | Morphine, Fentanyl, Oxymorphone, Hydromorphone |
| Opioid Partial Agonist | Exert partial activity at mu-receptors |
| Examples of Opioid Partial Agonists | Buprenorphine |
| Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists | Exert agonist activity (stimulation) at kappa-receptors and antagonist activity (blocking) at mu-receptors; partial reversal of sedation |
| Examples of Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists | Butorphanol |
| Opioid Antagonist | Reversal of opioid sedation |
| Examples of Opioid Antagonist | Naloxone |
| Propofol | Short-acting IV anesthetic to induce and maintain general anesthesia. Phenolic compound. |
| Phenolic compound | |
| Dissociatives | Cyclohexamines; Injectable anesthetic used alone, immobilizes patients for minor/brief procedures; Give with tranquilizers/sedatives to reduce adverse effects. Not analgesic. Are controlled |
| Examples of Dissociatives | Ketamine, Tiletamine |
| Barbiturates | Induce general anesthesia, used for treatment of seizures, and for euthanasia. Controlled substances |
| Examples of Barbiturates | Pentobarbital sodium, Phenobarbital |
| Etomidate | Sedative-hypnotic, short-acting injectable. Not controlled, not analgesic |
| Guaifenesin | Glyceryl guaiacolate, muscle relaxant/sedative and expectorant. |
| Inhalant Anesthetics | Liquid agents that are vaporized in a carrier (oxygen) and administered via breathing system. |
| Vapor Pressure | The rate at which inhalant anesthetics evaporate |
| Blood-gas partition coefficient | Once inhaled, how easily is it dissolved and removed from the bloodstream |
| MAC | Minimum Alveolar Concentration; The minimum concentration in the lungs/alveoli that induces anesthesia |
| Halogenated anesthetics | Induce/maintain anesthesia, induce dose-dependent hypotension |
| Examples of Halogenated Anesthetics | Isoflurane, Sevoflurane |
Created by:
MeganNichols1027
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