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VETT 118 - Week 2
Cells, Organs, and Numbers
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cyt/o | Combining form for cell |
| Cytology | Study of cells |
| Protoplasm | The cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. |
| -plasm | Formative material of cells. |
| Prot/o | Combining form meaning first |
| Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) | The structure lining the cell that protects the cells contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell. |
| Cytoplasm | The gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus. Contains organelles. |
| Nucleus | The structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane. |
| Nucleoplasm | The material in the nucleus. |
| Chromosomes | The structures in the nucleus composed of DNA that transmits genetic information |
| Genetic Disorder | Any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes. |
| Congenital | Denotes something that is present at birth. |
| Anomaly | A deviation from what is regarded as normal. |
| Tissue | A group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function. |
| Hist/o | Combining form for tissue |
| Histology | The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue |
| Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) | Covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements. |
| thel/o | The combining form that means nipple but is used to denote a thin membrane. |
| Endothelium | The cellular covering that forms the lining of internal organs and blood vessels. |
| Mesothelium | The cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as the peritoneum. |
| Connective Tissue | Tissue that adds support and structure to the body by holding organs in place and binding body parts together. |
| Adipose Tissue | A form of connective tissue known as fat |
| Adip/o | Combining form for fat |
| Muscle Tissue | Tissue formed of cells that have the specialized ability to contract and relax. |
| Nervous Tissue | Tissue formed by cells that have the specialized ability to conduct electrical impulses. |
| -plasia | Describes the formation, development, and growth in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. |
| -trophy | Describes the formation, development, and growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or individual cells. |
| Anaplasia | A change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other. |
| Aplasia | Lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell. |
| Dysplasia | Abnormal growth or development of an organ, tissue, or cell. |
| Hyperplasia | An abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue. |
| Hypoplasia | Incomplete or less than normal development of an organ, tissue, or cell. |
| Neoplasia | Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive. |
| Tumor | A mass of tissue caused by neoplasia |
| Benign | A non-recurring |
| Malignant | Tending to spread and be life threatening. |
| Atrophy | Decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ, tissue, or cell. |
| Dystrophy | Defective growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell. |
| Hypertrophy | Increase in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell. |
| Glands | Groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body. |
| Aden/o | Combining form for gland. |
| Exocrine Glands | Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ. (sweat glands, sebaceous glands, portion of the pancreas that secretes digestive chemicals). |
| Endocrine Glands | Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream, transporting them throughout the body. |
| Organ | A part of the body that performs a special function. |
| Bicornate Uterus | Uterus with two horns |
| Unilateral | pertaining to one side |
| Bilateral | pertaining to two sides |
| uni-, mono- | One |
| duo-, bi-, dyo- | Two |
| Tri- | Three |
| Quadri/o-, tetr/a- | Four |
| Quinqu, quint, Pent-, Penta- | Five |
| Sex-, Hex-, Hexa- | Six |
| Sept/i-, Hept/a- | Seven |
| Octo-, Oct-, Octa- | Eight |
| Novem-, Nonus-, Ennea- | Nine |
| Deca-, Decem-, Dek/a- | Ten |
| Oste/o-, Oss/e-, Oss/i- | Bones |
| Arthr/o- | Joints |
| Chondr/o- | Cartilage |
| My/o- | Muscles |
| Fasc/i-, fasci/o- | Fascia |
| Ten/o-, tend/o-, tendin/o- | Tendon |
| Arteri/o- | Arteries |
| Ven/o-, Phleb/o- | Veins |
| Hem/o, Hemat/o | Blood |
| Lymph/o- | Lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes |
| Tonsill/o | Tonsils |
| Splen/o | Spleen |
| Thym/o | Thymus |
| Nas/o, Rhin/o | Nose or nares |
| Pharyng/o | Pharynx |
| Trache/o | Trachea |
| Laryng/o | Larynx |
| Pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o | Lungs |
| Or/o, Stomat/o | Mouth |
| Esophag/o | Esophagus |
| Gastr/o | Stomach |
| Enter/o | Small intestine |
| col/o, colon/o | Large intestine |
| Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
| Ren/o, Nephr/o | Kidneys |
| Ureter/o | Ureters |
| Cyst/o | Urinary bladder |
| Urethr/o | Urethra |
| Neur/o, neur/i | Nerves |
| Encephal/o | Brain |
| Ophthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, opt/i | Eyes |
| Optic/o | Sight |
| ot/o, audit/o, aud/i | Ears |
| aur/i, aur/o | External ears |
| acoust/o, acous/o | Sound |
| Dermat/o, Derm/o, Cutane/o | Skin |
| Adren/o | Adrenals |
| Gonad/o | Gonads |
| Pineal/o | Pineal |
| Pituit/o | Pituitary |
| Thyroid/o | Thyroid |
| Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, testicul/o | Testes |
| Ovari/o, Oophor/o | Ovaries |
| Hyster/o, Metr/o, metr/i, metri/o, uter/o | Uterus |
Created by:
MeganNichols1027
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