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VET 111 Week 3
Urinary & Reproductive Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do neonates maintain their body temperature when they are first born? | Stay in close proximity to mother |
| T/F: Shivering and vasoconstrictive mechanisms begin at 6 to 8 days | True |
| What week of life is a neonates body temperature similar to an adult? | 6 weeks |
| What function slows with hypothermia? | Gut motility |
| What can contribute to hypothermia? | Hypoxia |
| What is considered hypothermic at birth? | <94° F |
| What is considered hypothermic at 1 to 3 days of age? | <96° F |
| What is considered hypothermic at 1 week of age? | <99° F |
| What color are the mucous membranes in a neonate with a temperature >88° F? | Red |
| What is the heart rate in a neonate with a temperature >88° F? | >200 bpm |
| What is the respiratory rate in a neonate with a temperature >88° F? | >40 bpm |
| What is the respiratory rate in a neonate with a temperature >78-85° F? | 20-25 bpm |
| What is the heart rate in a neonate with a temperature >78-85° F? | <50 bpm |
| What does a neonate with a temperature of >78-85° appear like? | Appears dead |
| T/F: You should reheat the patient with fluids quickly | False; Patient should be treated slowly |
| What should you be able to hear before you give the patient something PO? | Gut sounds |
| What is dehydration? | Any disease process or imbalance of fluids will lead to dehydration |
| What is the treatment for dehydration? | Fluid therapy |
| What temperature should fluids be warmed to before administration? | 98° to 99° F |
| T/F: The risk for hypoglycemia in neonates is high | True |
| What organ has poor gluconeogenesis in neonates? | Liver |
| T/F: Hypoglycemia is the most common cause of seizures | True |
| How long can a healthy neonate maintain normal blood glucose concentrations without nursing? | up to 24 hours |
| What three blood types does neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur in? | A, B and AB |
| What are the clinical signs of neonatal Isoerythrolysis? | Jaundice, death |
| What blood type kittens receive colostral antibodies from blood type B queen? | Type A |
| When should neonates be tested for Isoerythrolysis? | At birth |
| T/F: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis typically affects cats | True |
| T/F: Mother's milk is best for preventing malnutrition | True |
| Why is regular feeding important? | To maintain hydration |
| What is the treatment for Fading puppy/kitten syndrome? | Supportive care |
| How many times a day can an orphan animal be fed per day? | 5 to 6 times per day |
| What should be stimulated in an orphan animal after feeding? | Urination/Defecation |
| What can overfeeding a neonate cause? | Diarrhea |
| What can underfeeding a neonate cause? | Dehydration/Lack of weight gain |
| When is tube feeding necessary? | Neonate won't nurse from a bottle or is not the expected weight |
| What is a pseudocyesis also known as? | False pregnancy |
| T/F: Pseudocyesis is common in dogs and rare in cats | True |
| How long does pseudocyesis last? | 1 to 3 weeks |
| T/F: Pseudocyesis will not reoccur | False |
| What is a pyometra? | Pus within the uterus |
| When does a pyometra occur? | Within 2 months of the last estrous cycle |
| T/F: Pyometra is more common in cats | False; Pyometra is less common in cats |
| What type of infection is a pyometra? | Secondary bacterial infection |
| What are the clinical signs of Pyometra? | Anorexia, PU/PD, Abdominal enlargement, Vaginal discharge with open cervix form OR no vaginal discharge and sicker with closed cervix form |
| How is pyometra diagnosed? | CBC, Radiograph, Ultrasound |
| What is the treatment for pyometra? | Antibiotics, Ovariohysterectomy, Prostaglandins (Open pyometra only) |
| T/F: Early and aggressive treatment of pyometra is important | True |
| What happens to fetal death if it happens early enough? | Re-absorption |
| What does Dystocia mean? | Difficult birth |
| T/F: Breech presentation is normal in dog or cat | True |
| How often does breech presentation occur? | 50% of births |
| What is the most common tumor of female dogs? | Mammary gland neoplasia |
| How often does Mammary gland neoplasia happen in unspayed dogs? | 1 in 4 |
| What percentage of all canine tumors are Mammary gland neoplasia's? | 50% |
| What is the occurrence rate of Mammary gland neoplasia's in dogs that have been spayed before their first estrous? | 0.5% |
| What is the occurrence rate of Mammary gland neoplasia's in dogs that have been spayed after their first estrous? | 8% |
| What is the occurrence rate of Mammary gland neoplasia's in dogs that have been spayed after their second estrous? | 26% |
| How many mammary gland neoplasia's are benign? | 50% |
| How common are mammary gland neoplasia's in cats? | Third most common tumor in female cats |
| T/F: The risk for cats getting mammary gland neoplasia's is the same if they are spayed or not. | True |
| How many mammary gland neoplasia's are benign in cats? | 10-20% |
| What are the clinical signs of mammary gland neoplasia's? | Firm hard nodule's and Ulceration |
| How are mammary gland neoplasia's diagnosed? | Biopsy, thoracic cavity radiographs |
| How are mammary gland neoplasia's treated? | Surgical removal of mass |
| T/F: Chemotherapy is curative when dealing with a mammary gland neoplasia | False |
| What is the treatment for prostate diseases, except for neoplasia? | Castration |
| What is the prevention for prostate diseases? | Castration |
| T/F: Inability to pass urine can have serious and fatal consequences | True |
| What are the two common causes of blockage in felines? | Uroliths and Urethral plugs |
| Which cats are Urethral plugs more common in? | Obese, older male cats |
| How long until a cat will die from a urethral plug? | 24 to 36 hours |
| How long should a urinary catheter be in place for when medically treating a feline urethral plug? | 2 to 3 days |
| What are the two surgical treatments for feline urethral plugs? | Cystotomy and Perineal urethrostomy |
| What type of organ failure is one of the most common diseases seen in veterinary medicine? | Kidney failure |
| T/F: Renal failure can be Acute or Chronic | True |
| What are the causes of renal failure? | Hypoperfusion, Nephrotoxic Injury (Drugs/Antifreeze), Infection (Leptospira bacteria),Immune mediated |
| Which kind of renal failure is the leading cause of death in geriatric small animal patients? | Chronic renal failure |
| T/F: Chronic renal failure is more common in cats | True |
| What is performed to diagnosed renal failure? | Blood analysis, Urinalysis, Physical exam |
| How is renal failure treated? | Fluid/Electrolyte replacement, Intestinal protectants, Discontinue potentially nephrotoxic drugs |
| What is canine urinary incontinence? | Loss of voluntary control of micturition |
| What part of the urethra in female dogs is smooth muscle tone? | Entire urethra |
| What part of the urethra in male dogs is smooth muscle tone? | Proximal 1/4th of urethra |
| T/F: Bladder pressure is higher than urethral closure pressure | True |
| What type of dog does canine urinary incontinence present in most often? | Older spayed female dogs |
| How is Canine Urinary Incontinence diagnosed? | Urinalysis, Chemistry, Radiology |
| What does treatment for canine urinary incontinence depend on? | Cause |
| T/F: Treatment for canine urinary continence is only temporary | False |
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