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VET 111 Week 1
Immunity & Infectious Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is having an immune system important? | Defense against microbes/pathogens |
| T/F: Microbes are constantly invading us and all animals | True |
| How many barriers does the body have? | 3 |
| What is the body's first defense? | Physical Barriers |
| What is the body's second defense? | Innate Immunity |
| What is the purpose of innate immunity? | Terminate infections quickly before the onset of disease |
| T/F: Innate immunity is an immediate response | True |
| What is the body's third defense? | Acquired immunity |
| What is the purpose of the body's third defense? | Recognize and remembers invaders |
| T/F: No matter how often an individual encounters an invader, it does not increase it's defense against that invader | False; The more often an individual encounters an invader, the more effective its defense gets |
| T/F: Acquired immunity is a complex and sophisticated system | True |
| What is the main distinction between innate immunity and acquired immunity? | Their ability to recognize a specific invader by its receptors |
| What are the two broad categories for microbial invaders? | Originate outside the body, originate/live in the body's own cells |
| Which microbial invaders originate outside the body? | Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths |
| Which microbial invaders originate in the body's own cells? | Viruses, Intracellular bacteria, intracellular protozoa |
| What are the two types of acquired immunity? | Humoral response, Cell-mediated response |
| Which of the two types of acquired immunity are directed against extracellular/exogenous invaders? | Humoral response |
| Which of the two types of acquired immunity are directed against intracellular/endogenous invaders? | Cell-mediated response |
| Which of the two types of acquired immunity use specialized cells to destroy invaders? | Cell-mediated response |
| Which of the two types of acquired immunity use antibodies to destroy invaders? | Humoral response |
| Which type of lymphocytes are antibodies produced by? | B-cell lymphocytes |
| How many antigens are antibodies specific to? | 1 |
| After vaccinating an animal when does antibody production peak? | 10 to 20 days |
| After the peak how long does it take for the antibodies to disapear? | A few weeks |
| T/F: The amount of antibody production developed during the first injection is small | True |
| When the animal is injected a second time how long is the lag time? | 2 to 3 days |
| T/F: Antibodies are produced much slower after a second injection | False; They are produced faster |
| T/F: There are a higher quantity of antibodies produced by the second vaccine. | True |
| T/F: Antibodies may be detected for months or years after the second injection. | True |
| T/F: If too much time lapses between the first and second injection, the secondary response declines. | True |
| T/F: Third dose of the antigen causes an even quicker, stronger response, that lasts for months. | True |
| Which type of lymphocytes does cell-mediated response use? | T-cell lymphocytes |
| What type of cells does cell-mediated response recognize and destroy? | Abnormal cells and Foreign cells |
| When does active immunity occur? | Natural exposure and vaccination |
| What is passive immunity? | Antibodies from a non-self source |
| Where does passive immunity occur? | In utero. colostrum, intravenous plasma transfusion |
| How long does passive immunity from colostrum last? | ~6 to 8 weeks |
| How long is passive immunity able to mount an active immune response? | ~6 to 12 weeks |
| Which immunity renders immunization ineffective? | Passive immunity |
| T/F: Passive immunity is why certain vaccines are administered to puppies 3 times | True |
| How are most vaccines administered? | Subcutaneously |
| What is the less common administration for vaccines? | Intramuscular |
| What are the administrations for the kennel cough vaccine? | Intranasal, Oral |
| How many vaccines can be given per limb? | 1 |
| T/F: The distal limb should be used for vaccine administration | True |
| T/F: You should never give IN vaccines SQ or IM | True |
| What are the core vaccines? | Rabies, DA2PP, FVRCP |
| What are some of the noncore vaccines? | Leptospirosis, Bordetella, FeLV, etc. |
| T/F: Rabies is not zoonotic | False |
| How is rabies transferred? | Saliva in bite wounds |
| What animals does rabies affect? | Cats, Dogs, and Ferrets |
| What are the two forms of rabies? | Mad form and Dumb form |
| What are the clinical signs of rabies? | Ataxia/incoordination, paralysis |
| T/F: There is no treatment for rabies | True |
| T/F: Rabies is always fatal | True |
| T/F: Rabies vaccination is not mandatory | False |
| How is rabies diagnosed? | Post-mortem |
| What is also known as herpes virus and causes upper respiratory infections in felines? | Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis |
| What virus causes upper respiratory infections and oral ulceration in felines? | Calicivirus |
| T/F: Cats can shed Herpes or Calici after being stressed | True |
| What virus has GI signs, low white blood cell count, and is also known as Parvovirus in felines? | Feline Panleukopenia |
| How is Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) transferred? | Shed in saliva and nasal secretions through mutual grooming, fomites, spitting, and biting |
| T/F: Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) causes immunosuppression +/- lymphoma | True |
| T/F: Cats do not need to be tested for FeLV before being vaccinated | False |
| What is a Neurologic, nasal planum, and foot pad disease? | Canine Distemper Virus |
| Which Adenovirus type causes tracheobronchitis? | Adenovirus Type-2 |
| Which Adenovirus type causes hepatitis? | Adenovirus Type-2 |
| What is a Highly contagious GI disease spread in feces? | Canine Parvovirus |
| What causes canine infectious tracheobronchitis and has a vaccine that can be combined with the intranasal bordetella vaccine? | Canine Parainfluenza Virus |
| Canine Leptospirosis has many serovars but how many does the vaccine cover? | 4 |
| What organs can Canine Leptospirosis cause to fail? | Kidney and Liver |
| T/F: Canine Leptospirosis is zoonotic | True |
| Which bacteria is Canine Leptospirosis caused by? | Leptospira |
| What is the primary cause of infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) in canines? | Bordetella bronchiseptica |
| What can canine influenza cause? | Pneumonia |
| What are some adverse reactions to vaccines? | Mild reaction (side effects), Hypersensitivity, Vaccine Associated Sarcoma |
| T/F: All Adverse Reactions to vaccines should be reported to the Manufacturer | True |
| How long do vaccine side effects typically last? | A few days |
| T/F: Vaccine side effects are not life threatening | True |
| T/F: Medical care is not needed for vaccine hypersensitivity | False; Medical care should be seeked out immediately |
| What type of cancer can form at the site of injection? | Sarcoma |
Created by:
Acraft02
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