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Chapter 17

The Body Systems

QuestionAnswer
Appendix Finger-shaped organ attached to the large intestine; made of lymphatic tissue.
Arteries Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood.
Bladder Organ that stores urine until it can be pushed out of the body.
Body system Collection of organs that work together.
Brain stem Part of the brain that controls the heartbeat and breathing rate.
Bronchi Two air passages, each of which connects the trachea to a lung.
Capillaries Small arteries that deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and pick up cells’ waste.
Cerebellum Part of the brain that controls coordinated, smooth muscle activity.
Cerebrum Largest part of the brain, which interprets information from the sensory organs; controls muscle actions and is responsible for intelligence, memory, and personality.
Circulatory system Body system formed by all the structures that move blood through the body.
Diaphragm Sheet of muscle beneath the lungs and above the abdomen that contracts and relaxes to help the chest expand so a person can inhale or shrink so a person can exhale.
Digestive system Body system that breaks down food to provide nutrients and energy; also removes solid waste from the body.
Endocrine system Body system that produces chemical messengers called hormones, which regulate body processes.
Gallbladder Organ in which bile is stored until needed to digest food.
Gland Group of cells that produce and release substances into the body.
Heart Hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the chest; pumps blood into the circulatory system.
Integumentary system Body system that covers and protects the entire body.
Joint Location in the body where two or more bones meet and are held together.
Kidneys Two bean-shaped organs that filter blood and make urine.
Ligaments Strong bands of tissue that hold together bones at joints to allow movement.
Liver Large brown organ to the right of the stomach that has many jobs, including making bile.
Lymphatic system Body system of organs and tissues that help fight infections.
Muscular system Body system that helps the body move and aids other body systems.
Nervous system Body system that allows people to think, use the senses, move, and maintain important body processes.
Neuron Cell that is specialized to receive and send signals.
Organ Collection of tissues that perform a specific job.
Pancreas Fish-shaped organ behind the stomach that makes many kinds of enzymes needed for digestion.
Pituitary gland Master gland of the body, which releases hormones to control other endocrine organs.
Plasma Watery part of blood.
Respiration Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the air around it.
Respiratory system Body system of organs that obtain vitally important oxygen from the outside world.
Skeletal system Body system made up of 206 bones that provides structure, shape, and protection to the body.
Spinal cord Part of the nervous system that carries nerve signals between the brain and the body.
Spleen Organ filled with white blood cells; filters blood.
Tendons Structures made of tough tissue that connect muscle to bone.
Thyroid hormone Substance produced in the thyroid that increases the rate at which the body uses energy.
Tissue Collection of similar cells that do a certain job for the body.
Urinary system Body system that removes liquid waste from the body.
Veins Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood.
Created by: carlos.torres
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