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VET 201 week 2
Guinea pigs, Rabbits, Ferrets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the scientific name for guinea pigs? | Cavia porcellus |
| What are guinea pigs closest relatives? | Chinchillas and porcupines |
| Where do guinea pigs originate? | Andes mountains, South America |
| How many main breeds of guinea pig? | 3 |
| What are the three main breeds of guinea pigs? | English, Abyssinian, Peruvian |
| Which guinea pig has short, straight hair? | English |
| Which guinea pig has short, coarse hair arranged in whorls? | Abyssinian |
| Which guinea pig has long, fine, silky hair? | Peruvian |
| What do guinea pigs do as a sign of dominance or boredom? | Barbering |
| Where do males chew on young when barbering? | Ears |
| When are guinea pigs active? | Day and night; no apparent circadian rhythm |
| When does fighting occur? | During overcrowding or if female is in estrous |
| What is the dental formula for guinea pigs? | 2(I 1/1, C 0/0 , P 1/1, M 3/3) |
| What medication are guinea pigs resistant to? | Steroids |
| When should female guinea pigs be bred? | 2 to 3 months |
| When do guinea pigs breed? | Night |
| Why should guinea pigs be bred before 7 months? | Permanent fusion of pelvic symphysis |
| How long is the guinea pig estrous cycle? | 15 to 17 days |
| How long is guinea pig gestation? | 59 to 72 days |
| Do sows build nests? | No |
| What size litters do guinea pigs have? | 1 to 6 pups |
| How long does farrowing take? | 30 minutes |
| Where do pups receive maternal antibodies from? | placenta |
| When do pups begin eating solid food/drinking water? | during the first week of life |
| When are guinea pigs self-sufficient? | 4 to 5 days |
| When can guinea pigs be weaned? | 14 to 21 days |
| Should guinea pigs be housed with other species? | No |
| Should guinea pigs be housed alone? | No |
| T/ F: Cardiac sticks can be used with no risk in guinea pigs. | False |
| What forms of drug administration are used in guinea pigs? | Oral, SC, IM, IV, IP |
| How long should guinea pigs be fasted before anesthesia? | 3 to 6 hours |
| What area needs lubricated on a guinea pig under anesthesia? | Eyes |
| T/F: Guinea pigs are easy to monitor under anesthesia | False |
| T/F: Pentobarbital is used only for anesthesia in guinea pigs | True |
| T/F: Guinea pigs can vomit | False |
| What is recommended for mild discomfort in guinea pigs? | Butorphanol |
| What is recommended for acute/chronic visceral pain in guinea pigs? | Buprenorphine |
| What is recommended as an opioid alternative in guinea pigs? | Nonsteroidal analgesics |
| Which imaging techniques have been adapted for small rodents? | Digital x-ray, MRI, CT, PET |
| Which administrations of antibiotics cause toxicity in guinea pigs? | Orally, parenterally, and topically |
| Which antibiotic plays the primary role in enterotoxaemia? | Clostridium difficile |
| Which drugs are guinea pigs highly sensitive to? | Antibiotics |
| What is the fastest form of euthanasia in guinea pig? | SC/IV |
| What is the slowest form of euthanasia in guinea pigs? | IP |
| What are the clinical signs of respiratory diseases? | Dyspnea, Nasal discharge, Sneezing, Anorexia/weight loss, Ruffled fur |
| Which animals are at higher risk for respiratory diseases? | Younger animals and pregnant sows |
| What is bumblefoot also known as? | Ulcerative Pododermatitis |
| What are the most common respiratory diseases in guinea pigs? | Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| What is a highly lethal bacterial diseases in guinea pigs? | Salmonellosis |
| What are the two most common isolates of salmonella? | Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis |
| What is the most common source of salmonellosis in guinea pigs? | Contaminated water, food, or veggies |
| What are the clinical signs of salmonellosis in guinea pigs? | Anorexia/weight loss, Light-colored soft feces, Conjunctivitis, Dyspnea, Abortion |
| What is bumblefoot frequently associated with? | Staphylococcus spp. infection |
| What guinea pigs are prone to bumblefoot? | Obese guinea pigs and guinea pigs housed on wire flooring |
| Which bacterial disease is common in lactating sows? | Mastitis |
| Urinary tract infections are common is which guinea pigs? | Older sows |
| T/F: Urinary calculi are common | True |
| T/F: Cystitis is uncommon in boars | True |
| What are aged boars prone to? | Proteinaceous plugs |
| What is the only mycotic disease in guinea pigs? | Dermatophytosis |
| T/F: Dermatophytosis is not infective to humans | False |
| What guinea pigs are susceptible to Dermatophytosis? | Stressed guinea pigs |
| Which viral disease belongs to the herpes virus family and is species specific (guinea pig)? | Cytomegalovirus |
| Which guinea pigs are most susceptible to Adenovirus? | Young/Stressed guinea pigs |
| What are the most common mites associated with Acariasis? | Trixacarus caviae and Chirodiscoides caviae |
| Where do lesions from Acariasis commonly form? | Neck, shoulders, lower abdomen, and inner thighs |
| T/F: Acariasis is easy to detect on skin scrapping | False |
| How is Acariasis transmitted? | Direct contact with host and animal bedding |
| What is treatment for Acariasis? | Permethrin or carbamate |
| T/F: Guinea pigs are highly susceptible to heat stress | True |
| What is scurvy caused by? | Lack of vitamin C |
| T/F: Rabbit food can be used for guinea pigs | F |
| What is a preputial infection/vaginitis caused by? | Lodging/entrapment of bedding material in preputial folds/vagina |
| T/F: Aged guinea pigs develop fecal impactions | True |
| What does joint degeneration in guinea pigs cause? | Osteoarthritis |
| What does a dietary imbalance of two or more minerals cause? | Soft Tissue Calcification |
| What age of guinea pig does soft tissue calcification affect most often? | Guinea pigs over one year of age |
| What age does spontaneous diabetes occur? | 3 to 6 months of age |
| What are the two types of pregnancy toxemia? | Metabolic and toxic form |
| Which order do ferrets fall into? | Carnivora |
| What family do ferrets fall into? | Mustelidae |
| What is the scientific name for ferrets? | Mustela putorius furo |
| What animals are ferrets related to? | Skunk, weasel, otter, badger, and mink |
| What are the two varieties of ferrets? | Fitch and Albino |
| What is a male ferret called? | Hob |
| What is a female ferret called? | Jill |
| What are young ferrets called? | Kits |
| What is a spayed female called? | Sprite |
| What is a neutered male called? | Gib |
| How many hours do ferrets spend sleeping per day? | 15 to 20 hours |
| What do ferrets use for seclusion and sleep? | A nest box |
| T/F: Ferrets can be litter box trained | True |
| What is the normal body temperature of a ferret? | 100 to 102 degrees F |
| What type of stomach do ferrets have? | Simple stomach |
| What is the transit time of a ferrets intestinal tract? | 3 to 4 hours |
| What parts of the intestinal tract do ferrets lack? | Cecum and appendix |
| T/F: Ferrets won't produce odor if descented | False |
| How much lung capacity compared to body size do ferrets have? | 3 times |
| T/F: Ferrets have a single brachiocephalic artery arising from the aortic arch in place of bilateral common carotid arteries. | True |
| T/F: Ferrets maintain cerebral blood flow when their head is turned 180 degrees | True |
| When are ferrets sexually mature? | 9 to 12 months of age |
| T/F: Ferrets are seasonally polyestrous | True |
| When should mating of ferrets occur? | 2 weeks after onset of vulvar swelling |
| What is the mating of ferrets like? | Noisy and energetic |
| How long is ferret copulation? | 1 to 3 hours |
| How long is ferret gestation? | 42 days |
| What size are ferret litters? | 8 kits |
| When should ferrets be weaned? | 6 to 8 weeks of age |
| T/F: Ferrets should be single housed | False |
| What is the preferred temperature for housing? | 55 to 65 F |
| T/F: Cedar or pine chips can be used as bedding | False |
| How much body weight do ferrets consume in food? | 6% |
| What diet do ferrets have? | Carnivore |
| How do you restrain ferrets? | Scruffing the loose skin at the nape of the neck |
| How much circulating blood volume can be withdrawn? | 10% |
| Which veins can be used for small blood collection in ferrets? | Lateral saphenous vein and Cephalic vein |
| Which veins can be used for large blood collection in ferrets? | Caudal tail artery, Jugular vein, Cranial vena cava, Cardiac (terminal) |
| How do you collect urine from ferrets? | Free catch, Urinary catheter, Metabolism cage, Cystocentesis with ultrasound visualization |
| T/F: Nail trimming should be done routinely | True |
| What ID techniques can be used with ferrets? | Tattoo, Ear tag, Microchip |
| Which ways can drugs be administered in ferrets? | Oral, SC, IM, IP, IV |
| T/F: Ferrets do not need to be immunized for canine distemper | False |
| T/F: Ferrets need to be immunized for rabies | True |
| Which anesthesia methods can be used with ferrets? | Inhalants and Injectable |
| When do commercial breeders neuter and descent ferrets? | 3 to 4 weeks of age |
| What are the benefits of castrating ferrets? | Reduces aggression and diminishes musky odor |
| What are the benefits of spaying ferrets? | Prevents aplastic anemia |
| What age of animals does Proliferative Bowel Disease affect? | Young ferrets |
| What are the clinical signs of Proliferative Bowel Disease? | Aintermittent diarrhea of > than 6-weeks duration, Severe weight loss, Rectal prolapse, Dehydration, Ataxia and muscle tremors |
| What is used to diagnose Proliferative Bowel Disease? | Colonic biopsy with ID of organisms and Physical exam |
| How is Proliferative Bowel Disease treated? | Chloramphenicol or metronidazole and Supportive care |
| Which ferrets are affected by Helicobacter spp. Infection? | Most ferrets |
| Which human disease is Helicobacter spp. Infection similar to? | H. pylori |
| What is the treatment for Helicobacter spp. Infection? | Multidrug combinations using multiday dosing |
| If a ferret has Helicobacter spp. Infection what they are prone to develop? | Gastroduodenal ulcers |
| How is Campylobacteriosis treated? | Antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity, Provide supportive care, Isolate to control spread |
| How is Tuberculosis diagnosed? | Isolation of the organism |
| What should be done with ferrets infected with tuberculosis? | Euthaninasia |
| T/F: Tuberculosis is zoonotic | True |
| What are the clinical signs of mastitis is ferrets? | swollen, darkened, painful glands that can become gangrene and lead to septicemia |
| How is mastitis transmitted? | contaminated environment, trauma from nursing kits, and stress of lactation |
| What type of tuberculosis bacteria are ferrets highly susceptible to? | Mycobacterium |
| What is the three main types of mastitis bacteria? | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli |
| What are the two causes of pneumonia? | Primary or secondary infection of multiple bacterial organisms and Noninfectious primary causes |
| What are the primary or secondary infection causes? | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| What are the noninfectious primary causes? | Megaesophagus and Accidental dosing of substances into the lungs during oral gavage |
| How is pneumonia diagnosed? | clinical signs, radiographs, hematology, and culture. |
| What is the root cause of vaginitis? | Incorrect bedding |
| T/F: Hay/straw can be used as bedding for ferrets | False |
| What is Dermatophytosis? | Ringworm |
| What are the two types of Dermatophytosis? | Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
| What animals are primarily affected by Dermatophytosis? | Young and older immunosuppressed |
| How is Dermatophytosis transmitted? | Direct contact or fomites |
| How is Dermatophytosis diagnosed? | Fungal culture of skin or hair |
| How is Dermatophytosis treated? | Shaving hair around lesions, Cleaning the animal with keratolytic baths and povidone iodine scrubs, Topical antifungal ointments, Griseofulvin orally, Decontaminate environment |
| T/F: Canine Distemper has a high mortality rate in ferrets | True |
| What is the incubation period for a ferret with canine distemper? | 7 to 9 days |
| How is Canine Distemper transmitted? | aerosols or fomites |
| What is the first stage of Canine Distemper? | Catarrhal |
| What is the second stage of Canine Distemper? | Neurological |
| T/F: Ferrets can contract human influenza | True |
| T/F: The clinical signs of human influenza mimic the signs of distemper | True |
| What are the two kinds of ferret coronavirus? | Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis and Ferret Systemic Coronavirus |
| Which ferret coronavirus has 100% morbidity but low mortality? | Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis |
| Which ferret coronavirus is a fatal disease that resembles the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)? | Ferret Systemic Coronavirus |
| What are the two types of mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei? | Generalized or Pedal mange |
| Which mange is focal or widespread alopecia with intense pruritus? | Generalized |
| Which mange causes feet to become hyperemic, edematous and variably pruritic? | Pedal mange |
| What is the treatment for Sarcoptic Mange? | SC ivermectin |
| What is the diagnosis for Sarcoptic Mange? | Observation of organism in skin scrapings |
| What type of mange is rarely reported? | Demodectic Mange, Demodex sp. |
| How is Demodectic Mange diagnosis? | Deep skin scraping |
| What is the treatment for Demodectic Mange? | Amitraz dips |
| T/F: Ferrets are susceptible to cat and dog fleas | True |
| How are ferret flea infestations treated? | Use of preparation used in cats |
| How are Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites) transmitted to ferrets? | Infected cats, dogs, and other ferrets. |
| What are the clinical signs of Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites)? | Accumulation of dark waxy ear exudate and inflammation of ear canal |
| How are Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites) diagnosed? | Direct observation of mites and/or eggs in ear exudate |
| What is the treatment for Otodectes cyanotis (ear mites)? | Topical or SC ivermectin |
| T/F: Ferrets are not able to get heartworms | False |
| What is the diagnosis for heartworms? | Assays that detect antigen or antibodies and Echocardiography |
| What are the clinical signs of heartworms in ferrets? | Lethargy, anorexia, dyspnea, pale mm, ascites |
| T/F: Cryptosporidiosis can infect variety of species | True |
| What are the clinical signs of Cryptosporidiosis in ferrets? | There are no clinical signs. |
| How is Cryptosporidiosis diagnosed? | Observation of oocysts in a stained fecal preparation |
| What is the treatment for Cryptosporidiosis? | No known treatment. |
| What is the most commonly reported neoplasm in ferrets? | Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumors (Insulinomas) |
| What ferrets are affected by Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumors (Insulinomas)? | 4 to 5 year-old ferrets |
| What are the clinical signs of Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumors (Insulinomas)? | Episodes of weakness, Posterior paresis, Ataxia, Stupor, Head bobbling, Lethargy, Weight loss, Vomiting |
| What is the treatment for Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumors (Insulinomas)? | Surgical debulking with partial pancreatectomy and Prednisolone or diazoxide |
| T/F: Tumor metastasis rarely occurs | True |
| How is Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumors (Insulinomas) diagnosed? | Based on clinical signs, blood glucose and insulin levels, and palpation during surgical exploration/necropsy |
| What is the second most commonly reported neoplasm in ferrets? | Adrenal Tumors |
| What age of ferrets are affected by Adrenal tumors? | 3 to 6 years of age |
| T/F: Females are more commonly affected with adrenal tumors than males | True |
| What are the clinical signs with Adrenal tumors? | Bilateral alopecia (beginning at tail and progressing forward), Swollen vulva in spayed females, Prostatic enlargement in males, Increased sexual behavior in neutered males |
| What are the two clinical presentations of Lymphomas? | Juvenile lymphosarcoma and Classic lymphosarcoma |
| Which age is Juvenile lymphosarcoma seen at? | ferrets < 2 years of age |
| Which age is Classic lymphosarcoma seen at? | ferrets >3 years of age |
| Which lymphoma has a rapidly growing thymic mass? | Juvenile lymphosarcoma |
| Which lymphoma is a slowly progressive, chronic lymphocytic disease with lymphadenopathy? | Classic lymphosarcoma |
| T/F: Ferrets with Mast Cell tumors develop tumors frequently | True |
| What do Mast Cell tumors look like? | Small, firm, tan or erythematous, Slightly raised, Circumscribed, Associated with alopecia and pruritus |
| T/F: Most Mast Cell Tumors are benign | True |
| What is the treatment for Mast Cell Tumors? | Surgical excision |
| Why does Estrus-Associated Aplastic Anemia occur? | Female ferrets are not bred and remain in persistent estrus |
| What are the clinical signs of Estrus-Associated Aplastic Anemia? | Pale mucous membranes, Vulvar enlargement, Alopecia, Petechial hemorrhages, Anorexia, Marked depression |
| What cell production is suppressed in ferrets with Estrus-Associated Aplastic Anemia? | Red and white blood cell production |
| What is the treatment for Estrus-Associated Aplastic Anemia? | OHE (Anemic ferrets should be stabilized prior to OHE) |
| What are the two forms of Cardiomyopathy? | Dilatative and Hypertrophic |
| Which form of Cardiomyopathy is the most common? | Dilatative |
| Which form of Cardiomyopathy Affects middle-aged or older animals? | Dilatative |
| Which form of Cardiomyopathy progressively thickens heart muscles? | Hypertrophic |
| Which form of Cardiomyopathy causes heart muscles to become flaccid, weak, and thin? | Dilatative |
| Which form of Cardiomyopathy causes muscled to become ineffective in pumping blood? | Hypertrophic |
| What is the cause of Cardiomyopathy? | Unknown; proposed dietary insufficiency |
| T/F: Both types of Cardiomyopathy have similar clinical signs | True |
| What are the clinical signs of Cardiomyopathy? | Typical of heart failure and Pleural effusion and/or ascites |
| How is Cardiomyopathy diagnosed? | X-ray and ultrasound exam |
| How is Cardiomyopathy treated? | Medication to remove accumulated fluid, Vasodilators, and Digitalis derivatives |
| T/F: Dystocia is rare in ferrets | False |
| What causes Pregnancy Toxemia? | Due to a large fetal load, inadequate diet or decreased food consumption |
| What are the clinical signs of Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies? | Scant feces, Depression, anorexia, dehydration, Palpable mass in stomach or intestines, Vomiting (sometimes) |
| How are Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies diagnosed? | Physical exam with palpation or Abdominal radiographs |
| What is the treatment for Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies? | Removal of the foreign body |
| What conditions is hair loss associated with? | Hyperadrenocorticism, Biotin deficiency, Ovarian tumor, Persistent estrus, Seasonal molting |
| When do males molt? | October or November |
| When do females molt? | Following the first ovulation of the season |
| What age of ferret is commonly affected by Megaesophagus? | Middle-aged to older ferrets |
| T/F: Megaesophagus is uncommon but frequently fatal disorder | True |
| What does Megaesophagus cause that results in death? | aspiration pneumonia |
| What is the treatment for Megaesophagus? | Ranitidine administered 30 minutes prior to feeding |
| What percent of Splenomegaly's are attributed to tumors? | 5% |
| How is a Splenomegaly diagnosed? | Abdominal palpation, Blood work and needle aspirates can help to differentiate hematopoiesis from lymphosarcoma |
| How is a Splenomegaly treated? | Splenectomy |
| What type of ferret does Urolithiasis occur in? | Neutered males |
| What type of urolith is most common with Urolithiasis? | Magnesium ammonium phosphate uroliths |
| What plays a large role in Urolithiasis? | Diet |
| What are the clinical signs of Urolithiasis? | Frequent urination, Licking of perineum, Urinary incontinence, Hematuria, Dysuria, Straining if obstructed |
| What is the treatment for Urolithiasis? | Similar to other mammals with this disease, Reestablish urinary excretion, Fluid therapy and dietary management, Surgery for obstruction |
| What genus do hares belong to? | Lepus |
| What genus do Cottontails belong to? | Sylvilagus |
| Which genus do laboratory rabbits belong to? | Oryctolagus |
| T/F: The three genera cannot be interbred to produce viable offspring | True |
| How many breeds of rabbits are recognized in the U.S.? | More than 50 |
| Which rabbit is most commonly used in research? | New Zealand White (NZW) |
| What is the average weight of a New Zealand White? | 6.6-11 lbs |
| What is the average weight of a Dutch Belted? | 2-4 lbs |
| What is the average weight of a Flemish Giant? | 14.3-19.8 lbs |
| What are rabbits used for? | Vaccine development, Surgical models, Elucidation of mechanisms of lipid metabolism and hypercholesteremia |
| What is the normal behavior of a rabbit? | Gentle, docile, curious, but easily startled |
| What do rabbits do when startled? | Scream, foot stomp, growl, and/or snort |
| What do rabbits do when scared/stressed? | Become still-like |
| T/F: Rabbits rarely bite | True |
| T/F: Rabbits always show signs of pain | False |
| What are signs of pain in rabbits? | Inactivity, hunched stance, bruxism, hiding, excessive or lack of grooming, aggression, anorexia |
| T/F: Sexually mature rabbits are territorial and will fight if housed together | True |
| What can group housing lead to? | Trauma, Pseudopregnancies, and Infertility |
| T/F: Rabbits cannot be litter box trained | False |
| T/F: Rabbits can be either nocturnal or diurnal | True; depends in environmental conditions |
| T/F: Indoor rabbits have alternating periods of wakefulness and rest through the day | True |
| T/F: Rabbits have footpads | False |
| How do rabbits thermoregulate? | Through their ears |
| Where do rabbits have glands? | Chin, anal and inguinal glands |
| Which vertebrae are susceptible to fractures in rabbits? | L7-S1 |
| What is the principal anatomic feature that makes rabbits different from rodents? | Additional pair of incisors |
| What are the additional incisors in rabbits also called? | Peg teeth |
| What is the dental formula for rabbits? | 2(I 2/1, C 0/0, P 3/2, M 3/3) |
| T/F: Rabbit teeth are open rooted and continuously grow | True |
| T/F: Rabbits can vommit | False |
| What type of stomach do rabbits have? | Thin walled, Not divided |
| What are the two types of feces do rabbits excrete? | Daytime feces and Nighttime feces |
| What is the purpose of daytimes feces? | Waste excretion |
| What is the purpose of nighttime feces? | Ingested for electrolytes, vitamins, and protein. |
| What are nighttime feces also known as? | Cecothrophs |
| T/F: Rabbits are nose breathers | True |
| T/F: Rabbits have renal tubules that are dissected free from the kidney | True |
| How do you sex a rabbit? | Pressing the skin back from the genital opening |
| Which sex of rabbit has a prominent dewlap? | Mature females |
| Which sex of rabbit has a larger head? | Mature males |
| What is the pH of rabbit urine? | 8.2 |
| T/F: Rabbit urine always contains crystals | True |
| What drug are rabbits sensitive to? | Antibiotics |
| What urine color do rabbits have? | Dark red to orange |
| What is the name for a male rabbit? | Buck |
| What is the name for a female rabbit? | Doe |
| What are young rabbits called? | kits/kittens |
| When are NZW's first bred? | 6 to 7 months |
| T/F: Rabbits do not have a definite estrous cycle | True |
| What is the reproductive lifespan of a doe? | 3 years |
| What is the reproductive lifespan of a buck? | 5 to 6 years |
| T/F: Rabbits are Induced ovulators | True |
| What will a doe display if receptive to breeding? | Lordosis |
| What will the female do to the male if unreceptive? | Castrate |
| What will the buck do at time of copulation? | Emit a cry |
| When does ovulation occur in rabbits? | 10 hours after mating |
| T/F: Pseudopregnancies are uncommon | False |
| How long is an average rabbit gestation? | 31 days |
| When do female rabbits build nests? | 3 to 4 days prior to parturition |
| How often are kits nursed? | Only once per day |
| When do kits begin to eat solid food? | 16 to 17 days of age |
| When should kits be weaned? | 4 to 6 weeks of age |
| T/F: Colostrum is a necessity for kits | False |
| T/F: Doe's will not retrieve kits from outside nest | True |
| What does litter size depend on? | Breed |
| When are kits able to regulate their body tempurature? | Day 7 |
| How much protein should be in rabbit dry feed? | 12% |
| How much crude fiber should be in rabbit dry feed? | 10% |
| How many times should rabbits be fed a day? | once or twice |
| What are the two types of restraint used in rabbits? | Football carry and Table top restraint |
| What types of identification is used in rabbits? | Cage cards, Ear tags, tattoos, or SC microchip |
| What are the sites used for small blood collection in rabbits? | Marginal ear vein, Cephalic vein, and Lateral saphenous vein |
| What are the sites used for large blood collection in rabbits? | Central ear artery, Jugular vein, Cardiac puncture |
| How is urine collection done in rabbits? | Gentle expression, palpation, and catheterization |
| What are the routes of drug administration? | Oral (orogastric tube, palatable drugs, liquid), Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, intravenous. |
| How long should food be withheld before surgery in rabbits? | 2 to 6 hours |
| What are the challenges when anesthetizing rabbits? | Variable responses to anesthetics, Easily stressed, Difficult to intubate, Many reflexes are unreliable indicators of anesthesia depth |
| What are the popular choices for combination when using injectable agents for anesthesia in rabbits? | Ketamine and xylazine |
| What are the popular choices when using IM for light sedation in rabbits? | Fentanyl/ acepromazine |
| What is the only safe IV option for very short term anesthesia? | Propofol |
| What injectable agent should be avoided due to it causing nephrotoxicity? | tiletamine hydrochloride |
| What are the administration forms of inhalants? | Delivered via face mask, laryngeal mask airway device, chamber, or endotracheal tube |
| What are the two most reliable ways to monitor depth of anesthesia? | Rate and depth of respiration Degree of jaw tension |
| What are the less reliable reflexes to monitor depth of anesthesia? | Ear pinch, Pedal reflex, Palpebral reflex |
| Why do you need to keep rabbit skin taut while clipping fur? | Rabbit skin is thin and can by cut/tore easily |
| What are the two most common types of Analgesics used for pain control in rabbits? | Opiates and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents |
| What is the most common route for euthanasia? | IV |
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