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VET111 Week 1
Husbandry and Disease of Small Animals & Canine Infectious Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five types of microbes/pathogens our immune system protects us from? | Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths (worms). |
| What is the body's first defense? | Physical barriers such as skin, normal flora (skin and intestines), and self-cleaning processes (coughing, sneezing, mucus flow in the respiratory tract and vomiting and diarrhea in the GI tract). |
| What is the body's second defense? | Innate immunity; Immunity given at birth. |
| What is the purpose of innate immunity/the body's second defense? | Terminate infections quickly before the onset of disease. |
| What is the body's third defense? | Acquired Immunity. |
| What is the main distinction between innate immunity and acquired immunity? | The main distinction is their ability to recognize. |
| What is husbandry also called? | Animal Science. |
| What does husbandry include? | Husbandry includes the care and maintenance of animals (Housing, Diet, Environmental Management). |
| What is Homeostasis? | The maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body. |
| What needs to be kept in balance to maintain homeostasis? | Oxygen levels, Temperature, Fluid balance, Hormone levels |
| What do most homeostatic mechanisms operate as? | A negative feedback loop. |
| What does pure breed/mixed breed mean? | A pure breed is an animal that has been bred for selective traits. |
| What is the life expectancy of giant breed dogs? | 8 to 9 years |
| What is the life expectancy of small dogs? | ~16 years |
| What is the life expectancy of medium and large dogs? | Anywhere in between 8 to 16. |
| When are dogs in the pediatric stage? | Birth to 6 months. |
| When are dogs in the young adult stage? | 6 months through 5 years. |
| When are dogs in the mature adult stage? | 5 years to 9 years (giant breeds.) |
| When are dogs in the senior stage? | After mature adulthood. |
| When are cats in the pediatric stage? | Birth to 6 months. |
| When are cats in the young adult stage? | 6 months to 4 years. |
| When are cats in the mature adult stage? | 4 years to 8 years. |
| When are cats in the senior stage? | After mature adulthood. |
| What is the ideal temperature for housing of animals? | 65 - 85°F |
| Why is ventilation important? | Ventilation needs to be adequate to remove ammonia and urine odors. |
| Where should you never put a cat litter box? | Cat boxes should never be put in closets. The cat will not want to use the box due to smell permeation. |
| What are the six steps of cleaning/disinfection? | 1. Remove animal 2. Clean first - Most important 3. Use proper disinfectant 4. Use disinfectant at appropriate concentration 5. Leave disinfectant on long enough (10 - 15 minutes) to kill the organism 6. Rinse with water |
| What is required for cleaning/disinfectant to be effective? | Contact time. |
| What kind of diet do dogs naturally have? | Omnivore. |
| What kind of diet do cats naturally have? | Carnivores. |
| What are the nine general categories for daily observations? | -Eating habits -Drinking habits -Urination -Defecation -Activity level -Mental alertness -Weight monitoring -Abnormal odors (Breath, wounds) -Physical abnormalities (Skin condition, lameness, and swelling) |
| What are the five parts of grooming? | -Brushing -Bathing -Nail trimming -Teeth cleaning -Anal gland expression |
| What are the three types of patient identification? | -Microchip -Tattoo -Tags (Name/contact info, Rabies tag, Dog license, Microchip number) |
| What is heartworm disease carried by? | Mosquitoes. |
| What animals have potential exposure to heartworms? | All animals. |
| What do fleas cause? | Flea allergy dermatitis and tapeworms. |
| What are the benefits of spaying? | Prevents unwanted pregnancies, heat-related behaviors, ovarian cancer, mammary cancer, and pyometra. |
| What are the benefits of neutering? | Prevents unwanted pregnancies, heat-related behaviors, enlargement of the prostate, testicular cancer, and helps eliminate roaming and inter-male aggression. |
| Which microbial invaders originate outside the body? | Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths. |
| Which microbial invaders originate in the body's own cells? | Viruses, Intracellular bacteria, Intracellular protozoa. |
| What are the two types of acquired immunity? | Humoral response and Cell-mediated response. |
| Which response is directed against extracellular or exogenous invaders? | Humoral response. |
| Which response uses specialized cells destroy invaders? | Cell-mediated response. |
| Which response is directed against intracellular or endogenous invaders? | Cell-mediated response. |
| Which response uses antibodies destroy invaders? | Humoral response. |
| What are antibodies produced by? | B-cell lymphocytes |
| How many antigens are specific to antibodies? | One antigen |
| What do T-cell lymphocytes do? | Recognize and destroy abnormal cells and foreign cells. |
| When does active immunity occur? | When the immune system produces antibodies to antigens (Natural exposure, Vaccination) |
| How long does the passive immunity from colostrum last? | 6 to 8 weeks |
| How are most vaccines administrated? | Subcutaneously |
| How many vaccines per limb? | One per limb |
| What are the core vaccines? | Rabies, DA2PP, PVRCP |
| What are the noncore vaccines? | Leptospirosis, Bordetella, FeLV, Etc |
| Is rabies vaccination mandatory by law? | Yes |
| What is Canine Distemper Virus closely related to? | Human measles |
| What is Canine Distemper Virus caused by? | Caused by an RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae |
| What is Canine Distemper Virus seen in? | Domestic dogs and ferrets |
| How is Canine Distemper Virus transferred? | Aerosolization through respiratory secretions |
| What are the clinical signs of Canine Distemper Virus? | Fever, Ocular and Nasal discharge, Pneumonia, Pustules on abdomen, Hyperkeratosis of the pads and nose, Vomiting and diarrhea, Enamel hypoplasia, Seizures |
| Id Canine Distemper Virus usually fatal? | Yes, almost always. |
| What is the treatment for Canine Distemper Virus? | Supportive care such as IV fluids and Antibiotics. |
| How do you prevent Canine Distemper Virus? | Vaccination, Isolation, Sanitation |
| What happens if a dog with Canine Distemper Virus survives? | They will have dental and nervous system problems for the rest of their life. |
| How is Canine Parvovirus transferred? | Fecal-oral route, Fomites, Environmental, shed in feces 3 days prior and 3 weeks post recovery. |
| What are the clinical signs of Canine Parvovirus? | Acute onset of vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, fever |
| How do you treat canine parvovirus? | IV fluids, NPO, Broad spectrum antibiotics, Antiemetics, Analgesics |
| What happens with isolation and care with Canine Parvovirus? | Animal kept in isolation, wear proper ppe, change ppe every time you step in or out of ISO, Bleach bath for shoes, keep parvo patients clean, clean with diluted bleach after patient goes home |
| What breeds are more susceptible to Canine Parvovirus? | Rottweilers Doberman Pinschers Pit Bull breeds German shepherds Labs |
| How is Canine Adenovirus Type 1 transferred? | Transferred through contact with urine, feces, or saliva in environment, vectors. |
| What are the clinical signs of Canine Adenovirus Type 1? | Tonsillitis, Fever, Hepatic dysfunction, Peticiation, bruising, bloody diarrhea, hematemesis, pyelonephritis, ocular disorders. |
| What animals can be be infected with Canine Adenovirus Type 1 or Infectious Canine Hepatitis? | Domesticated dogs, wild canids, and bears. |
| What is the treatment for Canine Adenovirus Type 1? | Supportive care, broad spectrum antibiotics, blood transfusions |
| What are the steps taken to prevent Canine Adenovirus Type 1? | Vaccinate, Isolate, and Sanitation |
| What is considered "kennel cough?" | Any contagious respiratory disease of dogs that causes coughing. |
| How is Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough) transferred? | Aerosolization of respiratory secretions, close contact |
| What are the clinical signs of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)? | Harsh, dry cough (retching or gagging), Healthy with the exception of a cough |
| What plays a role in the severity of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)? | Stress and age |
| How is Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough) diagnosed? | Clinical signs, PE, History, reference lab testing |
| How is Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough) treated? | Self-limiting, Cough suppressants, antibiotics |
| How do you prevent Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)? | Vaccinate, Sanitize, Isolate |
| T/F: Leptospirosis is zoonotic | True |
| How many serovars are there for Leptospirosis? | Over 200 |
| Which countries is Leptospirosis more common in? | Poor countries |
| Where can Leptospirosis survive for months? | Moist soil and water |
| What is the incubation period for Leptospirosis? | 2 to 20 days |
| How is Leptospirosis transferred? | Infected urine, Fomites, venereal transmission |
| T/F: Leptospirosis clinical signs can be non-specific | True |
| What are the three phases of Leptospirosis? | Acute phase, Convalescent phase, Carrier/chronic phase |
| How is Leptospirosis diagnosed? | Reference Lab testing |
| How is Leptospirosis treated? | Supportive care, Antibiotics |
| What is a long-term antibiotic used to treat Leptospirosis? | Doxycycline |
| How is Leptospirosis prevented? | Vaccinate and Isolate |
| What breed of dog was Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) first reported in? | Greyhounds |
| T/F: Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) has no seasonal pattern | True |
| How long does Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) survive in the environment? | 2 days |
| How long does Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) survive on hands/clothing? | 24 hours |
| What are the two subtypes of Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)? | H3N8, H3N2 |
| Which influenza family is Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) in? | Influenza A |
| T/F: Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) is zoonotic | False |
| How is Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) transmitted? | Aerosolization of respiratory secretions, Fomites and mechanical vectors |
| What are the clinical signs of Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)? | Cough, Nasal discharge, Mild fever, Lethargy, Anorexia |
| What does Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) have similar clinical signs to? | Kennel cough |
| What is the treatment for Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)? | Supportive care (W/ Antibiotics), NSAIDs |
| How is Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) prevented? | Strict isolation & sanitation |
| What is the isolation period recommended for Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)? | 4 weeks |
Created by:
Acraft02
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